Walther Meissner (also: Fritz Walther Meissner ), born the December 16th 1882 with Berlin died the November 15th 1974 with Munich was a German Physicien .
Studies
Walther Meissner initially started by studying the Mécanique with the technical Université of Berlin between 1901 and 1904 and then became Mathématicien and Physicien with the Université Humboldt of Berlin. It obtains its Doctorat under the direction of max Planck in 1907 and having for topic: “the theory of the pressure of radiation”.
Activity in Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
In 1908, Meissner enters to the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, and in fact left the board of directors as from 1915. It was initially responsible in the laboratory for Pyrométrie of the Thermométrie, and changed then in 1913 for the laboratory of electricity. Surely because of its knowledge in mechanics, it had to work in the field of physics at low temperature to build an installation of Liquéfaction of the Hydrogène. From 1915 to 1918, Meissner voluntarily took part in the war. At the end of war, the installation was increased. After 3 years of research, it builds in 1925 an installation of liquefaction of the Hélium, which was 3rd in the world, after that of the Université of Leyde, and that of the Université of Toronto. Starting from 1927, it directed the laboratories of “electric atomic research”, and of “research on the low German temperatures” (: “Kältelabor”)Following work of research and development returned Meissner famous known as a Physicien Expérimental. With Robert Ochsebfeld, it developed in 1932, the Effet Meissner-Ochsenfeld, which is estimated like the fundamental discovery of the Supraconductivité. Little front time, it was entitled with Berlin in 1930.
Activity in Munich
In 1934, Meissner takes the physical pulpit of Génie of the technological Université of Munich, and becomes director of the physical laboratory of genius, which was affiliated at a research department public. It based a laboratory on the low temperatures, in order to develop a new installation of liquefaction of the helium, which was not cooled with hydrogen but using a heat engine. During the Second world war, the research task was strongly pertubé, the laboratory had to be moved with Herrsching amndt Ammersee.
After the end of the war, Meissner, which was not politically committed, dealt with much additional function, in addition to the repatriation of the laboratory. At the university, it became Doyen of the Faculty of Science. It takes simultaneously the direction of the Deutsches Museum, for which it was strongly invested in the rebuilding, and becomes also president of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft in Bavaria.
The Bavarian Academy of Science, to which Meissner was adherent since 1938, elects it as president. During its mandate of 1946 to 1950, it based with Klaus Clusius the commission on research on the low temperatures, of which he was president until 1963. Meissner leaves to the retirement in 1952, its successor was Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, which on already the occasion to follow it in 1963 as a president of the commission on research on low the temperature.
Meissner received many decorations as well for its scientific work as social. In 1954, it receives the Bundesverdienstkreuz, and in 1959 Bayerischer Verdienstorden. It is made doctor of honor in 1953 by the Université of Mayenne, and in 1963 by technical Université of Berlin. For its 80e birthday, many its students and friends him dedication booklet 12 (volume 14,1962) of the “Zeitschrift für angewändte Physik”
Work
Walther Meißner wrote approximately 200 scientific publications. He was coeditor of the Zeitschrift für angewandte Physik , of the Kältetechnik and the series Technische Physik in Einzeldarstellungen . The publication of the Effet Meissner-Ochsenfeld carries the title of:- W. Meißner, R. Ochsenfeld, Ein neuer Effekt EIB Eintritt der Supraleitfähigkeit. in Die Naturwissenschaften, 1933, volume 21, page 787
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