Walt Disney - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Walter Elias Disney known as Walt (born the December 5th 1901 with Chicago, Illinois - died the December 15th 1966, with Los Angeles, California) is known like producing, realizer, scenario writer, lapping machine and stimulating American (of Irish origin ) of Cartoons. It founded in 1923 the company Walt Disney Company and gradually became one of the most famous film producers. Walt Disney is also the creator of the first “park with topics”, inventing the concept.

Walt Disney is also known to have been a storyteller of history, and a high-speed motorboat of Télévision. He and its team created a good number of the characters animated most known in the world, of which one is regarded per many biographers as his alter ego, Mickey Mouse.

Biography

1901-1919: Childhood

Birth and removals

Walt Disney was born with Chicago the December 5th 1901, it is the fourth wire of Elias Disney and Flora Call. It carried in second first name that of his father, and in first, that of a friendly close relation of its father: Walter Parr, a priest of the church St Paul Congregational. Walt is baptized the June 8th 1902 in the church of the reverend Parr and by this one. In December 1903 is born the sister from Walt, Ruth Flora Disney. The family lives at the time on Tripp Avenue and of the incomes of the company of the building of Elias. Elias exerts mainly the trade of carpenter since he worked in 1893 on the building sites of the World Columbian Exposition. The name '' Disney '' would originate in a anglicisation of the name D' Isigny , which would have carried two Norman soldiers Hughes d' Isigny and his/her Robert son left to the conquest England to the sides of William the Conqueror, and remained in the country after the victory of 1066. A branch of the Disney family emigrates in Ireland at the 17th century. Later, Arundel Elias Disney, postpones grandfather of Walt, his brother Robert and their families embark in 1834 bound for the North America. They arrive at New York the October 3rd 1834. Robert settles in a farm of Midwest while Arundel decides to be established in Goderich Township in the Ontario close to the Canada.

In 1906, because of a crisis in the building, Elias cannot carry out its building firm any more. The family of Walt moves in a farm of 20 ha with Marceline, with the Missouri, acquired for 3 000 dollars and close to that of the uncle Robert.

Walt and its brother Roy work during their spare time in the paternal company of diffusion of newspapers in order to round the ends of the month of the family. According to the files of the regional public school of Kansas City, Walt Disney follows the courses of the secondary school of Benton starting from 1911, and it obtains its diploma the June 8th 1917. In September 1917, the family turns over to Chicago. It seems that it is during this summer of 1917, thanks to Roy and its uncle Michael Martin, engineer in the railroads, that Walt finds a work of salesman in the trains what enables him “to see country”. Walt then leaves the school at the sixteen years age and engages in the army as a voluntary driver of ambulance. Not having the required age, it falsifies its passport with the assistance of a friend to carry his birth date to 1900. It is incorporated in the division of the ambulances of the American Croix-Rouge in France. It makes its entry in the First World War, the shortly after the armistice, the November 12th 1918, initially installed close to Saint-Cyr-the School, it is affected with a camp of the Red Cross with Neufchâteau, rail junction located at the east of Paris. It remains in France until in 1919. Walt finds its family with the autumn, with Chicago then joined his/her Roy brother, demobilized Navy, in Kansas City.

1920-1937: First years of Animation

Studios of animation of Kansas City

On its return to the the United States, Disney seeks an employment. As he always wanted to carry out films he postulates for many employment including one near Charlie Chaplin. He obtains the first work in “Pesman-Rubin Commercial Art Studio” for 50 dollars per month. He carries out there the cover of the weekly program of the Newman Theater .

During this first engagement, it meets a young organizer of its age, Ubbe Ert Iwerks (which will change later its name into Ub Iwerks) with which it founds, in January 1920 the company “Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists”. The company périclite but the duet is soon engaged by “Kansas City Film AD Company” ( company of advertizing film of Kansas City ) following an offer of employment in the Kansas City Star and works on primitive advertizing animations for the local cinemas.

Advertizing animations are not enough any more to satisfy Walt; during its leisures, it goes to the swimming pool, fact of the baby-sittings, and eats kebabs. it starts to create its own films which it sells in “Newman Theater Company”. These one minute old films, called Newman Laugh-O-Grams , sometimes criticisms, deal with local problems and, for this reason, like the public.

The May 23rd 1922, Disney launches Laugh-O-Grams, Inc., which produces the animated court-measurings based on the popular fairy tales and of the stories for children. Among his employees, one finds Iwerks, Hugh Harman, Rudolf Ising, Carmen Maxwell and Friz Freleng. The productions of the young company are well accommodated in the area of Kansas City, but the costs exceed the incomes. A baptized local company Pictorial Club proposes to them a contract of eleven thousand dollars for some films. After having carried out several films, Disney and its team are not paid by their partner, because of a bankruptcy.

After a last short-measuring, the cartoon film and catch of real sight Alice' S Wonderland , the studio files for bankruptcy in July 1923. Roy Oliver, a brother of Walt invites this last to come to Hollywood. Disney works then as photographer freelance and succeeds in gathering money enough to buy an one-way ticket in the train for the California and takes along with him Alice' S Wonderland which has just been completed, leaving behind him its team. Christopher Finch reports that it would have left with only 40 dollars out of pocket and that it would have promised with the team to help them to come to California.

Alice Comedies : Contract and new studio in California

To Hollywood, Disney assembles a “business” of animation with his/her brother Roy. Thus the Disney Brothers Studio in the garage begin from their uncle Robert. They obtain a contract of distribution with Margaret Winkler, distributer of rights of New York, been engaged of Charles Mintz. Winkler and Mintz distribute already the series Felix the Cat . Virginia Davis, the high-speed motorboat of the catches of real sight of Alice' S Wonderland , “is extirpated” of the Kansas, like Ub Iwerks at the request of Mintz and Winkler. The October 16th 1923 Disney signs with them a contract to carry out twelve films.

The July 6th 1925, Walt pays an installment of 400 dollars to buy a ground with the 2719 Hyperion Avenue in order to accommodate all the organizers. Little time after the July 13rd 1925, Lillian Bounds, one of the employees of the studio working as painter Intervalliste and secretary, becomes the woman of Walt Disney. Their idylle would have begun because Walt often brought back the young woman the evening with her car. The young grooms make a short honeymoon with the Mont Rainier and Seattle.

The Alice Comedies meet a reasonable success. Because of an unpaid check, the parents of Virginia Davis withdraw it series Alice . She is then replaced by Dawn O' Day then by Margie Gay.

In 1926, the Disney Brothers Studio are renamed Walt Disney Studio . Lois Hardwick also briefly assumes the role of Alice. Until the oddment in 1927, the subjects are more centered on the animated characters, in particular a cat named Julius which evokes Felix the Cat, rather than on the character of Alice. The series approaches more and more the other productions without catches of real sight.

Oswald the Lucky Rabbit

In 1927, Charles Mintz Marie with Margaret Winkler and take the control of the company of his wife. It decides to put in production a new series of cartoons which would be distributed by Universal Pictures. The new series, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit ( Oswald the Lucky Rabbit ), is a relative success, and the character of Oswald becomes a popular icon. The Disney studios increase, and Walt engages Harman, Ising, Maxwell and Freleng come from Kansas City.

In February 1928, Disney goes to New York to negotiate a more important of income for each film with Mintz. But it is deafened when the businessman announces to him that not only it reduces his share, but that in more it takes under contract the majority of his principal organizers, of which Harman, Ising, Maxwell and Freleng. Mintz threatens Disney to create its own studio if it does not agree to reduce its production costs. Moreover, it is Universal, and not Disney, which holds thanks to the preceding contract, the trade mark on Oswald the Rabbit, which means that it can do without him very well to make these films.

Disney refuses and loses the major part of its team of animation. He, Iwerks and some faithful then start to work secretly on a new character to replace Oswald the Rabbit. Walt will never forget this reverse and will in the future take care to ensure its royalties on each creation. The name Walt Disney Productions is adopted this same year 1928.

The organizers which left Disney became the hard core of the Winkler studios, directed by Mintz and his/her brother-in-law George Winkler. Later, the Winkler studios disappeared after Universal decided to cause production of the cartoons of Oswald the Rabbit by an internal division directed by Walter Lantz. Mintz turned its attention on the studios producing films of Krazy Kat, which became later Screen Gems. Harman, Ising, Maxwell and Freleng decided to follow their own way and formed Arabian Nights Cartoon Studio then Harman-Ising Studio. They sold to a character resembling Oswald Rabbit named Bosko with Leon Schlesinger and the Warner Bros.. Then they started to work on the first episodes of the series Looney Tunes.

the Walt Disney Company recovered the rights on Oswald the Lucky Rabbit following an agreement obtained the February 13rd 2006 at the time of the departure of a sporting commentator of ESPN for the chain NBC, affiliated with Universal. ,

The creation of Mickey Mouse

The little story would like that Walt draws, in the train bringing back it of New York to Los Angeles, a character taking again the graphics of Oswald, without the hanging ears, with round ears and a simple tail of a blow of pencil and thus easier to draw. Later, it carries out a character close to a mouse. Ub Iwerks, as for him, would have simply worked over again the drawing to lead to that which one knows. It seems however that it is Ub which developed the appearance of the character while Walt Disney would have been satisfied to insufflate its character. The character is baptized Mortimer Mouse before being renamed Mickey Mouse by Lillian Disney. The character makes his beginnings in a short film named Plane Crazy , which is like all preceding works of Disney, a Silent film. After having failed in the search for a distributer interested by Planes Crazy or its continuation, The Gallopin' Gaucho , Disney notices that these films lack a chose.
The preceding autumn, 1927, Warner Bros left a revolutionary film, the Singer of Jazz , the cinema had ceased being dumb. Disney launches the creation of a cartoon of Mickey, with sound, heading Steamboat Willie . Disney must sell its car in order to obtain the money necessary to its film. A businessman named Pat Powers provides to Disney the distribution and the Cinephone , a system of sound synchronization obtained by smuggling. The November 18th 1928 with the Colony Theater of New York, Steamboat Willie is projected with the public, it is the first cartoon with its synchronized. This date marks the birth of Mickey Mouse but also of Minnie Mouse and Pat Hibulaire. Steamboat Willie becomes a success. Planes Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho arises with sound and all the following cartoons of Mickey are accompanied by a soundtrack. Disney itself provides the vocal effects of the first cartoons. It is also the English voice of Mickey Mouse until in 1947. In order to not have a problem with the distributers more, Walt deposits several marks for Mickey Mouse of which the drawing and the visible logotype in films (as of on May 21st, 1928).

The Silly Symphonies

In 1929, extremely on the success of the series Mickey Mouse , Walt decides to produce a new series. After the recruitment of the type-setter Carl Stalling old knowledge of Kansas City, from its influence, the topic of the short films changes to become musical cartoons which are called Silly Symphonies . This series begins with the macabre Danse ( The Skeleton Dance ) inspired from the piece of Camille Saint-Saëns. The same Disney year authorizes the use of its creations, mainly Mickey for derivative products of which scratch pad. Walt Disney Entreprises is created in order to manage the derivative products. Although the two series are a great success, the Disney studios do not see increasing their share of the profits collected by Pat Powers.

In 1930, Disney gives up the Powers distributer and sign an new agreement of distribution with Columbia Pictures. Walt engages Charlotte Clark an young woman of Burbank which has just produced a headstock of Mickey that Walt finds very succeeded. The headstock is produced in series and is presented to each promotional event. At the same time, Ub Iwerks leaves the studios after being tried by a franchise agreement with Powers. This last thinks that the success of the studios is due mainly to the talent of Iwerks.
Iwerks takes the head of the Iwerks Studio financed by Powers and meets a mitigated success. After a passage at Columbia Pictures, it will turn over to Disney in 1940 in the department research and development of the studios. It will be in this service one of the pioneers of a great number of cinematographic processes and specialized technologies of animation.
With the end of the year 1930, the character of Mickey becomes a star international under the name, inter alia, of Topolino in Italy and Miki Kuchi with the Japan.

In 1931, Mickey appears in twelve films, produced by a team of more than forty organizers, of which the Hunter of dash ( The Moose Hunt ) where Pluto adopts its final name. As for the Silly Symphonies , one discovers in Small advised Hen ( The Little Hen ), the outline of the future Donald Duck. However each 8 minutes short-measuring realized by the Disney studios costs 13.000 dollars whereas the other studios seldom exceed budgets of 2.500 dollars.

In 1932, Mickey Mouse becomes the most popular character of cartoon to the screen and of many competitor studios such as Van Beuren and Screen Gems create clones of Mickey Mouse in the hope of surfer on the vagueness of the success of Disney.

After being last of Columbia with United Artists in 1932, Walt starts to produce the Silly Symphonies with the very new process Technicolor, which makes it possible to use all the spectrum of the rainbow transforming publicities of then into coloured world. The first cartoon color is the Silly Symphony , Of the Trees and the Flowers ( Flowers and Trees ) which had just been finished but in black and white. Disney negotiates with Technicolor a two years exclusiveness on its process of color in order to be able, hopes it, to return in its expenses, very high because of the exorbitant cost of its productions, still multiplied by ten by the new process.

Flower and Trees gains the first Oscar of the Academy Award for the Meilleur prone short film: Cartoons in 1932. The same year, Disney receives another honorary Oscar for the creation of Mickey Mouse, of which the series passes color in 1935. Disney quickly launches other series around the characters of Donald Duck, Dingo or Pluto. It authorizes under the direction of Kay Kamen, a highly skilled salesman, the sale of many derivative products whose cartoons on Mickey who become full pages then small newspapers, the first newspaper of Mickey appears in Italy at the end of 1932.

Walt, the sport and his/her daughters

Starting from 1930, Walt multiplies the successes, cinematographic and commercial, but the need for resorting to novel methods does not make it possible to reabsorb the debts contracted by Walt and Roy Oliver. It should be recalled that the studios had to increase from 150 to 2000 m ² between 1927 and 1931.

Walt makes a depression in 1931 and on the council of a doctor, it leaves on a journey with Lilly, his wife. It returns rested after having visited Washington and goes on a cruise passing by Havana and the Panama Canal.

Starting from 1934, change of format

In order to make its studios profit, Walt decides to produce a feature-length film of animation and an evening of 1934, it views with its organizers a silent film of 1919 qu ' it saw in its childhood: White-Snow with Maguerite Clark. Its feature-length film will be based on this history. Cinema industry has soon wind of the project of Disney. Its competitors are not long in predicting the bankruptcy so that they call the “Madness of Disney”. Lillian and Roy, both, try to lead Walt to give up its project, but this one persists in working above.

Between 1934 and 1937, the Disney studios use mainly the Silly Symphonies to test the techniques necessary to White-Snow. The experiments relate to the realistic animation of the human beings, the animation of distinct characters, the effects special, and the use of processes specialized and particular for animation. Thus the Old Mill ( The Old Millet ) is the first film carried out with the Caméra multiplane invented by Bill Garity, technician of the Disney studios and who allows to give a true effect of depth to the cartoons. They are especially the teams normally harnessed with the Silly Symphonies which work on White-Snow what obliges them to devote less time to the series. In fact, it is not long in disappearing.

In order to help its organizers, Walt launches several internal projects to the studios. It gathers many literary works and drawings of all horizons within the Disney Animation Library. A voyage in Europe during the summer 1935 makes it possible to buy to 350 pounds additional European authors, widening the sources of inspiration. In addition to the many recently engaged organizers and in order to satisfy the needs for its organizers (which meet at the most tested of them to improve), it engages a professor of drawing of the Chouinard Art Institute, Don Graham, which will supervise internal meetings of drive for the members of the studios. These developments and formations make it possible to raise the quality of the studios and to give to the feature-length film the quality wanted by Walt.

1937-1954: Feature-length films

The “madness of Disney”: Snow-White and the Seven Dwarfs

Snow-White and the Seven Dwarfs , such is the name of film in full production of 1935 at the summer 1937, when the studios fall to court from money. In order to find funds to finish it, Disney must off present an extract not finalized of film to the financial persons in charge of the Bank America. The money is obtained. The finished film is presented for its first to the Carthay Circle Theater of Hollywood the December 21st 1937. At the end of the representation, the public gives to Snow-White and the Seven Dwarfs a “ standing ovation ”.

The first film feature-length film animated (in English) and in Technicolor, White-Snow is diffused in February 1938 under the new agreement of distribution with RKO Radio Pictures. The film becomes most profitable of the year 1938 and pays more than eight million dollars of the time (today 98 million $ US) during its initial diffusion. The success of White-Snow makes it possible at Disney to build a new complex built in the shape of a campus, for the Walt Disney Studios with Burbank. They open the December 24th 1939. Old the studios of Hyperion Avenue is sold then destroyed to become a supermarket. The team of animation which has just completed Pinocchio , continues work on Fantasia and Bambi , while the teams of court-measurings work on the series of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, Dingo and Pluto, as well as the last Silly Symphonies .

Times of war and the round in Latin America

Pinocchio and Fantasia succeeds White-Snow in the cinemas in 1940. Both are financial disappointments ( Pinocchio cost twice expensive to produce than White-Snow ). The exit of Pinocchio , the February 7th with New York, is very well accommodated by the public. Nevertheless, the war in Europe and the pressures financial on the US market do not make it possible to release sufficient benefit. Fantasia leaves, him, the November 13rd 1940 with the Colony Theater of Broadway. It especially allows work Disney studios to obtain an artistic recognition, often qualified masterpieces of the studio.

In 1941, Disney is approached by the State Department, is supervised by Nelson Rockefeller, with an aim of representing the the United States in Latin America and “to fight against the Nazism”. Disney does not appreciate really only one asks him to go on a diplomatic journey, to go to tighten hands even for a good cause. It however accepts. This mission will be the occasion to maintain the activity of its artists and to discover new sources of inspiration.

To satisfy the curiosity of the public, Disney produced the recalcitrant Dragon ( Reluctant Dragon ) on the slides of its cartoon films. It is about documentary mixing real images and cartoons. It is still there, the occasion to provide work to its teams with the the United States. In 1941, Disney decides to take part in the effort of war. In partnership with Lockheed Martin, the studios carry out a cartoon on the methods of rivetings of the planes bound for the new employees of the factories. It is Four Methods off Flush Rivetting which remained classified for a long time secret signal . The popularity of the studios does not cease growing, of many regiments or escadrilles American requires of the studios to produce Disney characters to them who will be in particular used to decorate the fuselage with the planes.

The film Dumbo , inexpensive, is produced in the objective to be quickly shown a profit. During the production of this new film, the majority of the members of the team of animation present claims on their work conditions and start the first strike of the studios. In spite of these difficulties, the production is concluded its, the exit of film takes place in October 1941. Dumbo is a success, but the the United States enter the Second world war. The American army requisitions the majority of the buildings of the Disney studios and request with the teams to create films of drive and instruction for the soldiers, as well as of propaganda films such as Der Fuehrer' S Face or the feature-length film Victory Through Air Power , both left in 1943. For as much, the military films pay little, and Bambi does not obtain the anticipated results when it leaves in April 1942.

Disney re-examines its sales strategy. It successfully arises White-Snow in 1944, establishing a tradition of republication, every seven years, Disney films with the the United States. It carries out compilations of court-measurings. Most notable are those resulting from the round in Latin America, Saludos Amigos (1942), its continuation the Three Caballeros (1945) like Mélodie of the South (the first Disney film containing of truths actors, left in 1946). One can also add Danny the small black sheep in 1947 and the Toad and the Schoolmaster (1949). This last contains only two parts: the first based on the Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving and the second, heading the Pond with the frogs , based on an extract of the Wind in the willows of Kenneth Grahame.

At the end of the Years 1940, the firm finds enough money and organizers to continue the production of feature-length films such as Alice with the country of the wonders or Peter Pan , stopped during the years of war. The studios start the work of Cendrillon as well as a series of documentary animalists, entitled True-Life Adventures (1948), of which an episode, the Island with the seals ( One Seal Island ), was inspired in Walt at the time of a voyage in August 1948 in Alaska.

A black chapter

In 1947, during dark the first years of the Cold war, Walt Disney testifies in front of the “Room to the Committee to the Not-American Activities”. With this occasion, he denounces three of his former employees to which he lends opinions Communistes: Herbert Sorrell, David Hilberman and William Pomerance. The charge is serious in the tended context of the post-war period. This sham trial is heralding the Maccarthisme which, a few years later, will mark the American conscience very deeply. Walt Disney benefits from its testimony to enorgueillir themselves of patriotic virtues and to give the indication of an irreproachable American (its studio took part, in particular by the means of propaganda, with the effort of war); that gives more weight to its word and is worth the congratulations of the judge to him who auditions it.

The three men blamed, all three trade unionists, will contradict later the remarks of their former owner. It seems especially that this testimony with load is the consequence of their role in the strikes of 1941 which have affected the studios (certain biographers of Disney, of which Dave Smith. Just as the Walt Disney Music Company is founded on October 1st.

In 1950, Disney launches a feature-length film after few composite films (assembly of medium-length films): Cinderella . This film is followed in 1951 by Alice to the Country of the Wonders and in 1953 by Peter Pan .

The Disney studios, with certain sequences of films produced during the war whose composites and series of Walt Disney realize that they can produce films in catches of real sight. In 1950, the Island with the treasure ( Treasure Island ) becomes the first action film entirely made in catches of real sights and quickly followed by successes such as 20 000 miles under the seas (in Cinemascope, 1954), The Shaggy Dog (1959), and With us four (1960).

The Walt Disney Studios are among the first to take all the measurement of the potential of the very new media which is then the Télévision. At the request of Coca-Cola, they produce their first emission One hour in the marvellous world ( One Hour in Wonderland ), diffused for Christmas in 1950.

In 1955, they start the first daily televisual series of the studio, popular the Mickey Mouse Club , which will continue in many versions until the Années 1990.

Walt Disney presents itself a weekly series of anthology on ABC named Disneyland according to the name of the park. In this emission it shows extracts of the productions Disney the preceding ones, makes make the turn of the studios, and familiarizes the public with the Disneyland park which is in construction with Anaheim in California. After 1955, the televisual emission is known under the name of Walt Disney Presents , and when the black and white yield the place to the color in 1961, the name changes into Le Monde Merveilleux color of Walt Disney to evolve to what is known today under the name Le Monde Merveilleux from Disney . It continues to be diffused on ABC in 2005.

As the studio widens and diversifies in other media, Disney less and less gives attention to the department of animation, giving up the majority of the activities to the key organizers, that it calls the Last nines Wise.

The production of short films preserves its rate/rhythm until in 1956, date on which the liquid company division concerned. The special projects of short films continue to be produced for the remainder of the duration of the studios in an irregular way. These productions all are distributed by the new subsidiary company of Disney, Buena Vista Distribution, which assumes this taken again role with RKO in 1955.

1955-1966: The Disney empire

The year 1955 is a key date of the life of Walt Disney. The opening of the Disneyland park in 1955 changes the statute of Walt Disney which is not only any more the man of animation. The Walt Disney Productions, company founded by Walt and his/her Roy brother became an empire of media and succeed in almost all the fields where they are present. But Walt is a man with multiple passions and since the end of the war several projects divert it of its trade of origin, animation. Here by chronological order, some of the projects which occupy Walt during the eleven years preceding its death.

Carolwood Pacific Railroad

Disneyland

The continuation of the success of the Disney company

From the medium of the Years 1950, Disney produces a great number of educational films on the American space program with the collaboration of the originator of the rocket of NASA Wernher von Braun: Man in Space and Man and the Moon in 1955, then Mars and Beyond in 1957. These films draw the attention not only of the public, but also of the Russian space program.

In 1957, Disney meets the creator of the Muppets, Jim Henson, and they start to create the first characters of Muppets who comprise many similarities with Mickey Mouse, notably Kermit the frog. The characters appear with the interlude Muppet Magic in The ED Sullivan Show between 1958 and 1962.

The end of the year 1950, sees continuing the family televised productions of which Zorro diffused on ABC as from 1957.

At the beginning of the Years 1960, the Disney empire is a major success, and Walt Disney Productions was established like the first producer in the world of family entertainments. After decades of attempts, Disney gets finally the rights of the book of Pamela Lyndon Through, in connection with a magic nanny. Mary Poppins leaves in 1964 and is the film of Disney of the years 1960 more crowned success. Many people greet real catch cartoon film combination and of sight as having arrived at its paroxysm.

The same year, Disney opens four attractions in the houses of the world Exposure of New York 1964-1965, including/understanding Audio-Animatronics. All attractions are integrated later into Disneyland. They consolidate Disney in the idea that the project of a new park on the viable east coast. The man had already considered this new park shortly after the opening of Disneyland.

The “Florida Project”: Walt Disney World Arises

Death of Walt Disney

In parallel Walt works on the project of the Disney' S Mineral King Ski Arises that it reveals with the press the September 19th 1966. The man will appear pale and feverish at the time of what will be its last press conference.

The personal investment of Walt Disney in Disney World ceases in winter 1966. A cancerous tumor is diagnosed during the summer in the left lung of this heavy smoker. It is followed to the hospital St Joseph just located on the other side of the street of the complex of the Studios Disney. During the autumn its health worsens. He is declared died the December 15th 1966 around 9 a.m. 30 (local time), that is to say two weeks after having celebrated his sixty fifth birthday. Roy Disney concludes the Florida project, insist that the name becomes Walt Disney World in the honor of his/her brother. Unfortunately Roy O. Disney dies in its turn, three months after the opening of the Magic Kingdom the December 20th 1971.

The heritage left by Disney

Walt Disney was immortalisé many times by its television programs, its projects but also by a statue entitled Partners and exposed in several Disney parks.

Empire of leisures and Disney media

Parks with topics

Disney animation

See also: Walt Disney Pictures, List of cartoon films produced by the Studios Disney

Between 2000 and 2006 one dark period darkened the studio. Traditional animation with the hand, with which Walt Disney had built the success of its company, was not to exist any more with the studios of Walt Disney Feature Animation. At the end of the 20th century, after one period of traditional feature-length films animated with mitigated success, the two satellite studios with Paris and Orlando are closed and the principal studio with Burbank is converted into a studio of animation of synthesis. In 2004, Walt Disney Company announces the production of its last film feature-length film in traditional animation: the Farm rebels . The studios DisneyToon in Australia continue however to produce films with small budget in traditional animation, mainly the continuations of the successes passed, before closing with the end of the year 2006.

Following the repurchase of Pixar by Disney, John Lasseter promoted directing of animation decided to join again with traditional animation and announces to the exit for 2010 of the Princess Splashes .

CalArts

Walt Disney grants a substantial time in its last years to found the California Institute off the Arts (CalArts), which is founded in 1961 thanks to the fusion of the Los Angeles Conservatory off Music and of the Chouinard Art Institute, which had contributed to train the teams of animation during the Années 1930. When Walt dies, CalArts inherits a quarter of its goods, which constitutes a substantial basket which is assigned to the construction of new buildings on its campus. Walt bequeaths 38 acres (154 in addition; 000 m ²) of the ranch of Golden delicious Oak with Valencia so that the school can be built there. CalArts moves with the campus of Valencia in 1971.

Lillian Disney devotes most of its time after the death of Walt to follow CalArts and organize hundreds of events of harvests of funds for the university by respect of the last wills of her husband. It is also invested in the Walt Disney Symphony Hall of Los Angeles). After the death of Lillian to the end of the year 1997, the heritage of this tradition perdure with his/her Diane daughter and her Ron husband. CalArts is today one of the largest independent universities in California, mainly thanks to the contributions of Disney.

Catalog of films

Walt Disney is with the poster many productions mainly animations of its own studios as producer primarily but also as an actor, realizer or a scenario writer.

Principal quoted films:

1923 with 1927: Alice Comedies (series)
1927: Oswald the Lucky Rabbit (series)
1928: Steamboat Willie (short-measuring)
1929: Silly Symphonies (series)
1937: White Snow and the seven dwarves ( Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs )
1940: Pinocchio
1940 : Fantasia
1941 : the recalcitrant Dragon ( The Reluctant Dragon )
1941: Dumbo
1943 : Der Fuehrer' S Face
1942: Saludos Amigos
1942 : Bambi
1943 : Victory Through Air Power
1944: Three Caballeros ( The Three Caballeros )
1946: Melody of the South ( Song off the South )
1947: Danny, the small black sheep
1947: the Musical box
1949: the Toad and the Schoolmaster ( The Adventures off Ichabod and Mr. Toad )
1950: Cinderella ( Cinderella )
1950: the Island with the treasure ( Treasure Island )
1951: Alice with the Country of the Wonders ( Alice in Wonderland )
1953: Peter Pan
1954: 20 000 miles under the seas ( 20000 Leagues Under the Sea )
1955: the Beautiful one and the tramp ( Lady and the Tramp )
1959: Sleeping Beauty ( Sleeping Beauty )
1961: 101 Dalmatiens ( One Hundred and One Dalmatians )
1963: Merlin the enchanter ( The Sword in the Stone )
1967: the Book of the Jungle ( The Jungle Book )

Rewards

Oscars

Walt Disney holds the record of the rewards to the Oscars of cinema with 22 in categories in competition and 4 in honor of its contributions:

1932 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: Of the trees and the flowers (1932)
1932 Oscar of honor for: creation of Mickey Mouse.
1934 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: the Three small pigs (1933)
1935 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: The Tortoise and the Hare (1934)
1936 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: Three Orphan Kittens (1935)
1937 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: The Country Cousin (1936)
1938 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: the Old Mill (1937)
1939 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: Ferdinand the Bull (1938)
1938 Oscar of honor for: White Snow and the seven dwarves (1937) " For Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, recognized ace has significant screen innovation which has charmed million and pioneered has great new entertainment field" (the award was one miniature statuette and seven statuettes)-->
1940 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: the Ugly Duckling (1939)
1940 Oscar of honor for: Fantasia (1940) " For to their outstanding contribution to the advancement off the uses off sound in motion pictures through the production off Fantasia " (the award has certificate)-->
1942 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: Lend has Paw (1941)
1943 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: Der Fuehrer' S Face (1942)
1949 Oscar of the best short-measuring of action on two reels for: Seal Island (1948)
1949 Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award
1951 Oscar of the best short-measuring of action on two reels for: Beaver Valley (1950)
1952 Oscar of the best short-measuring of action on two reels for: Nature' S Half Acre (1951)
1953 Oscar of the best short-measuring of action on two reels for: Toilets Birds (1952)
1954 Oscar of the best documentary film for: the alive desert (1953)
1954 Oscar of best documentary short-measuring for: The Alaskan Eskimo (1953)
1954 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom (1953)
1954 Oscar of the best short-measuring of action on two reels for: Bear Country (1953)
1955 Oscar of best documentary film for: The Vanishing Meadow (1954)
1956 Oscar of best documentary short-measuring for: Men Against the Arctic
1959 Oscar of the best short-measuring of fiction for: Large Canyon
1969 Oscar of the best short-measuring of animation for: Winnie the bear cub in the wind

Other rewards

Walt Disney was distinguished by a star on the Hollywood Walk off Famed.

Walt Disney was the first nobody distinguished by a star on the Anaheim walk off stars. This star was decreed in honor of the significant contributions of Walt to the town of Anaheim where has built the park of Disneyland, become the Disneyland Resort. It is located at the entry pedestrian of Disneyland Resort on Harbor Boulevard.

Walt Disney received:

the Gold medal of the Congress the May 24th 1968 on a purely posthumous basis (P.L. 90-316, 82 Stat. 130-131)
the Legion of Honor in 1935 in France.
a special medal of the Company of the Nations for the creation of Mickey Mouse in 1935.
the presidential medal of Freedom ( Presidential Medal off Freedom ) on September 14th 1964 by the president Lyndon B. Johnson.

Because of the investment of Walt Disney in Sugar Bowl Comes out from North Tahoe, a mountain was renamed Disney Mountain .

The December 6th 2006, the Californian governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and the first lady Maria Shriver established Walt Disney within the California Hall off Famed located in the California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts.

Others

Anecdotes

With the College in fourth (1915), Walt memorizes the speech of Gettysburg (by play) and surprises everyone while arriving at the school disguised in Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the the United States which one celebrated the birthday. Its costume consists of an old jacket of his/her father and a hand made beard. It sticks even a cement wart to its cheek. Its professor is magic. It is thus not a surprise which years later, when its studio creates the first completely functional human character of audio-animatronic for the international exhibition of New York 1964-1965, it decides to give him the features of Abraham Lincoln!
Disney had simple tastes for food. According to his daughter Diane, “He liked the chips, the hamburgers, the omelets westerns, the hotcakes, the peas out of preserve, the minces, ragouts and sandwiches of rosbif. He did not like really vegetables, but liked the chicken livers, macaronis and cheese. ” Lillian Disney often complained, “Why would I prepare a meal when all Disney want only one box of Chile or spaghetti? ”
Although he was baptized Christian, Walt Disney was not a frequent visitor of the churches. Pious people occasionally asked him to carry out films on the religion but Walt declined. In spite of that, a certain number of the Silly Symphonies contain characters of the Bible, of which:

Hell' S Bels (November 11th, 1929), including/understanding Satan.
Father Noah' S Ark (April 8th, 1933), including/understanding Noah, Ham, Japheth, Shem and their respective wives.
The Goddess off Spring (November 3rd, 1934), including/understanding Perséphone and a version of his/her uncle/husband Hadès /Pluton, identified here in Satan.
Noah' S Ark (10 november 1959), including/understanding Noah, Ham, Japheth, Shem and their respective wives. Fact part of the Silly nonofficial Symphonies .

“Uncle Walt” can be seen in the Années 1950 with Disneyland making menus work of household, as the offer of poussettes to the visitors, hooting under the roof of a car in Main Street the USA, fishing in Rivers off America, or controlling the Twain Mark.
With the autumn 1963, during the research of the site for the “Project Florida”, Walt and Roy Disney flew initially above the coastal areas of Florida, and then above the forests and marshes close to Orlando which it had chosen as site to become Walt Disney World Resort. A little later their plane lands with the New-Orleans on the way of the return in California. There, the Disney brothers learned the assassination from John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35e president of the the United States. This last had been assassinated the same afternoon with Dallas with the Texas the November 22nd 1963. The next morning the Disneyland park opened normally, which was reproached Walt Disney, the American flags having to be put in Bern.
One of the Audio-animatronic of pirates in attraction Pirates off Caribbean (open in 1967) has the face of Walt Disney. It was taken same mould which was used to make the statue of Disney which decorates the central place.

Urban legends

Several legends or rumors exist on Walt Disney. The majority were gathered by Marc Eliot in his book Hollywood' S Dark Prince . Here are some:

Walt Disney is the son illegitimate except marriage of a woman born in a city close to Almeria, in Andalusia, province of Spain and adoptive by Flora and Elias Disney.

Nothing indicates any element of truth.

Walt Disney would have received a bad gust of rifle during the First World War.

Disney having been used as ambulance man in the Croix-Rouge as 1917 with 1919, nothing makes state that it was wounded but its function could make accept wounds.

Walt Disney would have prevented the flag of the the United States from being put in Bern at Disneyland after the assassination of president Kennedy in 1963.

Disney was very occupied at that time seeking the site of Walt Disney World Resort, thus a “tiny” choice of management did not depend on him, moreover it was on board a plane of return of Florida.

Disney would have its body frozen and cryogenized after its death, stored under the attraction of the Pirates of the Caribbean to Disneyland.

Disney having been incinerated and its ballot box deposited in the family crypt in Forest Lawn Park Memorial with Glendale in California, it is impossible. This thesis is however largely " soutenue" by Leonard Mosley.

the face of Walt Disney appears on a bust in Haunted Mansion.

the bust of the “Uncle Theodore” is that of the vocal actor Thurl Ravenscroft. It seems that he is in place since the opening of attraction the August 9th 1969. But a contrario one of the pirates of Pirates of the Caribbean presents to him really the face of Walt moulded by Blaine Gibson and since used for the statue Partners .

One claims that the phantom of Disney can be seen in several buildings of Disneyland such as the Disney Gallery of New Orleans Square with Disneyland or old the Sunkist bar .

Nothing not proving the existence phantoms…

Disney would be the downward one of one of the wizard of Salem, his mother being downward of the Reverend G Burroughs .

Flora Call would have well one of its grandfathers who lived in the area of Salem at the time but the bond is not clearly established and of the errors of genealogy are possible. The name Call was current at the time, moreover the reverend was a symbol of strength of character because he refused until his torment by crushing under rocks to admit any adhesion with sorcery.

Disney would be a Franc-maçon, the proof coming mainly from the behavior of Mickey, inspired of the aprons of the brotherhood .

Nothing proves it and the behavior of Mickey Mouse was conceived in a preoccupation with a simplicity.

Disney was a Jew and an anticommunist .

A priori it was baptized Protestant (of Irish origin) and never converted this idea would date from the Grève of the studios Disney in 1941 when certain leaders trade unionists asserted that Walt could not support Herb Sorell, an organizer of Jewish confession. Many Jewish employees cancelled this fact and Joe Grant indicates " that there is no proof in this sens".

Francis Marmande explains in an article quoting Jean-Louis Ezine, why the majority of the problems of tyranny of Walt Disney would be related to its moustache which he wanted incomparable within his company.

the vestimentary code was especially related to open the Disneyland park in 1955. A code more succint existed within the studios but of many exceptions exist. Thus Thurl Ravenscroft carried the moustache. Walt Disney appérciait and worked with Dalì in others on Destino in the years 1940. The " tyrannie" to Disney often associated with the strike of the studios and the anti-American commission would go back rather from the years 1940. One can see here historical short cuts which give place to absurd interpretations.

See too

the Family Disney
the Method Walt Disney

External bonds

Philippe Dagen, “Walt Disney reveals its sources”, in Le Monde , 9/17/2006, Lire in line

Michel Poulaert, urban Legends? " Subliminal images in the drawings animés." To see in line

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