Wall servien
The Wall Servien (in Latin: Murus Servii Tullii ) was a defensive barrier built around the town of Rome at the fourth century before JC. The wall made 3.6 m broad, 11km of perimeter and had more than twelve doors.
The Wall Servien bears the name of the sixth king of Rome, Servius Tullius. Although its contour probably goes back to the VI E, the current wall was probably built during the Roman République posterior, like a reaction to the bag of Rome by the Gaulois of Brennus. The facility with which the Gaulois entered the city at the time of the episode of the Oies of Capitole lets suppose that some front time, the leaders Etruscan S of Rome had probably obliged the city to dismantle any significant defense.
The wall was built with broad blocks of Tuffeau extait of " Grotta Oscura ". In addition to the blocks, certain sections of the structure incorporated a deep Fosse, in order to increase the height of the wall. Along its northern perimeter, weakest from the topographic point of view, was located a Agger, defensive a ground slope piled up inside the enclosure. That widened the wall, and gave in more to the defenders a base to be held and push back the attacks. The wall was also equipped with defensive machines of war such as catapults S.
The Wall Servien was sufficiently formidable to push back Hannibal during the Second Punic War. The episode of Hannibal invading the Italy through the Alps with its elephants is very famous. It had crushed several Roman armies during the first periods of the war. However, the wall was never put to the test by Hannibal, since this one led its army carhaginoise only once to Rome, in a pretense aiming at attracting the Roman armies out of Capoue. When this attempt failed it went from there.
The wall was still maintained at the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire. At that time, Rome had already started to grow out of the wall Servien of origin. The organization of Rome by areas under Auguste placed the areas II, III, IV, VI, VIII, X and XI inside the wall, and the others outside.
The wall lost its raison d'être at the time when Rome became protected well by the constant expansion from its military power during the République and the later Empire. As the city continued to grow and thrive, it was essentially open and without ramparts during the first three centuries of the Empire. However, when the city was threatened by the attacks of the tribes Barbare S at the 3rd century, the Emperor Aurélien saw himself obliged to protect the city to build the wall which bears its name, of a perimeter much more important than the Wall Servien.
Sections of the Wall Servien are still visible nowadays in several places of Rome. The greatest part is preserved just beside the station Termini, the largest railway station of Rome. Another notable section on the mount Aventin includes an arch for a defensive catapult of the end of the Republic.
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