In Phonetic, one calls vowel a its of the human Langage whose mode of production is characterized by the unrestricted passage of the air in the cavities located above the Glotte, namely the oral Cavité and/or the Nasal fossae. These cavities are used as resonators whose form and contribution relating to the air flow influence the quality of the sound obtained. The majority of the vowels used in the languages are sound , i.e. they are marked with a vibration of the vocal Cords, but of the deaf vowels , without vibration of the vocal cords, is used in certain languages like the cheyenne and the Japanese. The Chuchotement also uses - by definition - deaf vowels.
The vowels are opposed to the Consonne S, because these last are characterized by an obstruction with the passage of the air. From a perceptive point of view, the vowels appear by “clear” sounds while the consonants are characterized by noises such as one chuintement, a whistle, a bearing, a slapping, etc In addition, the vowel is generally used as top with the Syllabe while the consonants generally do not play this part. It will be noted however that certain consonants do not produce noise characteristics of a consonant and present a weak obstruction in the passing of the air: they are the Spirante S power stations, called semivowels (for example: in yes which approaches in hoots ). Some liquid consonants such as rolled or can be used it as top of a syllable; they known as are then vocalized.
Principal characteristics of a vowel
The stamp of the vowels depends on the number, the form and the volume of the Résonateurs crossed by the expired air:
- many resonators:
- * when the totality of the expired air passes by the oral cavity, the vowels are known as oral
- ** French: ah! , water , hi! ;
- * when part of the air passes by the nasal fossae, the vowels are known as nasal
- ** French: year , a , hein? , one
- ** Portuguese: graphèmes ã , õ
- * when the lips are projected forwards, it creates for itself a space between those and the teeth; this labial cavity constitutes a third resonator which modifies the sound; the vowels produced thus are known as round
- ** French: or , heu , oh , hoot!
- ** German: graphèmes ö , U
- depth of the joint:
- * when the part before language approaches before palate, the vowels are known as former
- ** French: He! , hedge , hoot! , ah'! '
- * when the back of the language approaches the back of the palate, the vowels are known as
posterior- ** French:
oh! , hou!- * when the central part of the language approaches the palate, the vowels are known as
central- ** German: E dull, for example in
Dürre- ** Portuguese: I dull, for example in
noite- volume of the oral resonator which depends primarily on the degree of opening of the mouth; one generally distinguishes 4 degrees from aperture, although continuous between the maximum aperture and the minimal aperture is attested:
- * degree 1: vowels
of minimal aperture or closed (example: I )- * degree 2: semi-closed vowels
(example: E );- * degree 3: semi-open vowels
(example: E );- * degree 4: vowels
of maximum aperture or open (example: has ).
See too
Fiu-vro: Vabahelü Roa-rup: Vocalu Simple: Vowel
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