Vocabulary of Islam

Here a list of Arab terms which one meets in the Islam. They are often not easily translatable and the translations are sometimes less precise than the term in Arabic. Some terms passed from Arabic to the Turkish before passing to French, some rare terms are even of Turkish origin. They are in a second lists sometimes in redundancy with the list of the terms coming from Arabic.

French terms on Islam

The name of the prophet

The name of the prophet of Islam says Muhammad (rear RTL محمد) in Arabic, becoming, according to the spoken alternative, Mohammad or Moham (m) ED . It is also a version used in the scientific research and that preferred by the bilingual Arabic-speaking people.

One finds however in French of other more current old denominations:

Mahom or Mahon (11th century);
Mahomet (, 17th century).

although the Koranic denomination is older, it is the second denomination which is best attested in French.

It remains to be noted that certain Moslems refuse this denomination, arguing that Mahomet would derive from my houmid , which would explicitly mean “that which was not rented” (whereas Muhammad means on the contrary “rented”). It seems that Mahomet would derive from Turkish Mehmet and would not have the insulting character which is lent to him.

The book

the Koran (15th century). The Littré in 1872 fact the following remark: “One says also Coran, and undoubtedly better, since Al is the Arab article and means the , which makes with our article, a kind of dual employment; but Alcoran is devoted by the use, and Coran , although recommended by the orientalists, cannot banish it”;
Coran (19th century), completely replaced Alcoran in the everyday usage;
Quran or Qur' ān is the Arab names of Coran given by the didactic works following of more or less close the traditional transcription of this language…

The religion

Musulmanisme , (17th century);
mahometanism , (Voltaire, 18th century): Synonymous with mahometism ;
mahometism , (Voltaire, 18th century): “religion characterized primarily by a severe monotheism”;
Islamism , (Diderot, Voltaire, 18th century): the religion of Mahomet; (antiquated)
Islam , (Diderot, 18th century): the religion of the Moslems;
musulmanism (in a dictionary of 1845 and the Littré of 1872): the Islamic religion; (antiquated)

The faithful ones

Names:

Islamite (and not islamist ) (Diderot, 18th century century): who professes Islam (uncommon currently),
islamist (1980): the word does not exist in the Grand Robert of 1976. It is only used to designate a follower of an ideology called, in this context, “Islamism”;

names and adjectives:

Buckwheat , (11th century): fact plus reference to the ethnos group that with the religion,
mahométan , (16th century): that which professes the religion of Mahomet,
Moslem , (Voltaire, 18th century): name that the mahométans are given,
alcoranist (in a dictionary of 1845): who follows the Koran;

adjectival:

Islamic (Diderot, 18th century): who belongs to Islamism.

The place of prayer

Mosquette (Ronsard, 16th century);
Mosque (of use as of the 16th century with the orthography mosquez );
Mahomerie or Mahométie (in a dictionary of 1845; one announces to it however that they are two not very used words).

Remarks

Sarrasin completely passed from safe mode in the works treating of the Middle Ages;
the derivatives of Mahomet become increasingly out-of-date;
although “Islam” and “Moslem” derive both from the same Arab root SLM (سَلِمَ salima , “healthy being, be well”), the French language with two series of derived:

Moslem / Islamic : example “Muslim art”: “Islamic art”,
Moslem / Islamite : two synonymous words at Diderot (18th century),
Moslem / islamist : two words used in an antagonistic way.

For a French ear, the islamist word is immediately put in connection with Islam whereas it comprises a negative connotation. The Moslem word seems more neutral but is not always spontaneously put in relation to Islam.

List terms coming from Arabic

The following terms are initially given in the conventional transcription of the Arabic alphabet then, between brackets, in a transcription closer to the uses specific to French (if the word exists directly in French, it is indicated after) and finally in most complete possible vocalized Arabic).

With

ʿAbd , ʿabd (abd) rear RTL عَبْد: servant; slave; admirer; enter many made up names.
Ablution , ġusl (ghusl, great ablution) rear RTL غُسْل and wuḍū' (wudhû', small ablution) rear RTL وُضوء;
Repealed , mansūḫ (mansûkh) rear RTL مَنْسوخ: a repealed verse is corrected by a posterior verse known as abrogative;
Abrogeant , nāsiḫ (nâsikh) rear RTL ناسِخ: abrogative verse correcting a repealed verse;
Abû , abū (Father, abou) rear RTL أَبو: father, intervenes in the kun' ya (nickname) many Arab names;
Achoura , ʿāšūrā' (will achoura) rear RTL عاشوراء: ten of the month of muharram . Day of fast of the Islam copied on the Jewish fast of Yom Kippour, at the tenth day of the seventh month. The Chiisme adds the commemoration to it the massacre of the Imam Husayn.

Adab , ʾadab (ʾadab) rear RTL أَدَب: beautiful letters, courtesy, courtesy;

Adhan , ʾaḏān (' adhân) rear RTL أذان: call to the prayer;

ʿ Adl , ʿadl (`adl) rear RTL عدل: justice;

Ahl Al-Bayt , ʾahl Al-bayt (“Ahl Al-Bayt) rear RTL أهلالبيت ( ahl: populate, people; bayt: house ): people in service, family members of Mahomet.

Ahl Al-Kitâb , ahl Al-kitāb (people of the book) rear RTL أهلالكتاب ( ahl: populate, people; Al-kitāb: deliver ): faithful of the religions preislamic monotheists: Jewish, Christian, sabéens, the zoroastriens (magi) are quoted only to say that God will make the sorting;

ʾAhzâb to see Hizb;

Aïd , aʿīd (aïd) rear RTL عِيد: celebrates;

Aïd el-Adha , ʿīd Al-ʾaḍḥā, (festival of the sacrifice) rear RTL عيدالإضحى: synonym Aïd to el-Kebir;

Aïd to el-Kebir , ʿīd Al-kabīr, (great festival) rear RTL عيدالكبير: Celebrates which points out the sacrifice of Abraham and which marks the end of the pilgrimage (Hajj);

Aïd el-Fitr , ʿīd Al-fiṭr, (festival of the rupture) rear RTL عيدالفطر: the rupture of the Jeûne celebrates month of Ramadan;

Aïd be-Seghir , ʿīd aṣ-ṣaḡīr, (the small festival) rear RTL عيدالصغير: synonym of Aïd el-Fitr;

Akhira , ʾāḫiraʰ (last) rear RTL آخرة: the last destination, beyond in opposition with ici-bas (dunyâ);

ʿAlim , to see Ouléma;

Allah , ʾAllāh (' Allâh, Allah) rear RTL الله, rear RTL اللّه or rear RTL اللّٰه: God. The term is also employed by the Christians of Arab language;

Ansar , ʾanṣār (ansâr) rear RTL أنصار: partisan, auxiliary, indicate the companions Mahomet originating in Médine to distinguish them from the muhâjirûn being itself expatriates from Mecque to join Mahomet;

ʿAqîda , ʿaqīda (dogma) rear RTL عقيدة: article of faith; doctrines; belief;

Arbayn , ʾarbaʿīn, rear RTL أربعين, of ʾarbaʿūna ( forty ), rear RTL أربعون: celebrates Shiite end of mourning, 40 days after the Achoura;

Have-Salam Alaykum , have-salām rear ʿalaykum RTL السلامعليكم: literally “That peace is on you”. The answer to this safety is wa ʿalaykum have-salām , RTL rear وعليكالسلام: “And that on you is peace”;

Astaghfir Allah , to ʿastaḡfir rear allāh RTL أستغفرالله: “That God forgives me”;

ʾAʿudhu Bi-llah , ʾaʿūḏu rear Bi-llāh RTL أعوذبالله: “That God keeps me! ”;

Beyond , to see Akhira or Maʿâd

ʾAwliyaʾ , ʾawlīaʾ, rear RTL أولياء plural of Walîy;

Awra , will ʿawra (will ʿawra) rear RTL عورة: Parts of the body which cannot be revealed that with its spouse.

Aya , ʾāya (âya, sign) rear RTL آية pl. ʾāyāt (âyat, signs) rear RTL آيات: signs, miracles, then by extension Verse (S) of the Coran;

Ayatollah , ʾāya allāh (Ayatollah) rear RTL آيةالله: sign of God; titrate of the Shiite monks of the more high ranking;

ʿAzl , ʿazl (Coitus interruptus, coitus interruptus) rear RTL عزل: the fact of stopping the sex act before ejaculation;

B

Balad , balad (village) rear RTL بلد: city; Village; countryside. Al-Balad is the title of the sourate XC;
Banû , banū (pl.) (downward of) rear RTL بنو: dynasty; tribe. Example: rear Al-umawīun RTL الأمويون or banū rear umaīya RTL بنوأمية: Omeyyades; the dynasty omeyyade. RTL بني in position of object or possessive phrase becomes rear banī.
Luck , luck (luck; blessing) rear RTL بركة: blessing (divine);
Barzakh , rear barzaḫ RTL برزخ: interval; separation; (géogr.) isthmus. Passage of late of the world of the mortals to beyond.
Bachar , bašar (humanity) rear RTL بشر: mankind; humanity
Basîra , will baṣīra (understanding) rear RTL بصيرة: understanding; perspicacity; in the Sufism capacity to perceive the transcendent truth.
Batin , bāṭin (esoteric) rear RTL باطِن: occult; secrecy; esoteric. Term of Sufism in opposition with exoterism (to zâhir);
Bayt Allâh , bayt allāh (mosque) rear RTL بيتالله: house of God; mosque;
Ben , bin (wire of) rear RTL بن: wire of in filiation derives from rear ibn RTL ابن: wire. ;
Bidʿa , bidʿa (heresy) rear RTL بدعه: innovation; novel idea considered as a heresy;
Bint , bint (girl of) rear RTL بنت: girl of in filiation derives from rear ibna RTL ابنة: girl. ;
rear-Rahmân Bismillah rear-Rahîm , shortened in Bismillah , Bi-SMI-llāhi r-raḥmāni - rear r-raḥīmi RTL بسماللهالرحمنالرحيم: In the name of God the lenient one, the miséricordieux one;
Bayʿa , bayʿa (allegiance) rear RTL بيعة: oath of allegiance;

C

Cadi , qāḍi (qâdi, cadi) rear RTL قاض: judge civil case;
Calame , to see Qalam;
Caliph , ḫalīfaʰ (caliph, khalife) rear RTL خَلِيفَة: successor of Mahomet, directing Oumma;
Caliphate , ḫilāfa (khalifat; caliphate) rear RTL خلافة: caliphate;
Cha `abân , rear šaʿabān RTL شعبان: name of the eighth month of the Moslem Calendar.
Chafʿ , šafʿ (even) rear RTL شفع: prayer surrérogatoire comprising an even number of prostrations celebrated after the canonical prayer of Isha this prayer is followed prayer of Witr;
Chahada , šahādaʰ (profession of faith) rear RTL شَهَادَة: testimony, profession of faith (one of the five Pillars of Islam);
Chahid , šahīd (martyr) rear RTL شَهيد: witness; martyr. A chahid is regarded as alive at Allah, therefore the Moslems do not achieve the prayer of funeral for a chahid;
Chari `has , šarīʿaʰ (charî `has, charia) rear RTL شَرِيعَة: law, traditional legal code of the Moslem companies;
Chawwal , rear šawwāl RTL شوّال: name of the tenth month of the Moslem Calendar marked by the Aïd el-Fitr the first day of this month;
Chaytân to see Satan;
Sheik , šayḫ (chaïkh, sheik or sheik) rear RTL شَيْخ: old, chief;
Sherif , šarīf (sherif) rear RTL شريف: descendant of Mahomet;
Chirk , širk (chirk, polytheism) rear RTL شرك: association; polytheism. The chirk it is the fact of granting to another that Allah what returns in Allah. Example: to believe in an indicator is regarded as chirk. The chirk is the greatest sin in Islam.
Shiism , šīʿaʰ (chî `has, Shiite, Shiism) rear RTL شِيعَة: the Shiite current (literally: “disciple; partisan”);
Choura , šūrā (dialog) rear RTL شُورَى: dialog, joint decision making;
Coran , qurʾān (reading) rear RTL قرآن: reading; recitation;

D

Daiʿi , dāʿi (dâ' I) rear RTL داع: missionary
Dajjal , dajjāl (Antichrist) rear RTL دجّال: liar; that which sows the discord;
Dhallal , ḍallāl (mislaying) rear RTL ضلال: mislaying;
Dar Al-ʿAhd , dar Al-ʿahd (field of the truce) rear RTL دارالعهد: was invented to describe the relation of the Ottoman Empire with its tributary Christian provinces;
Dar Al-Amn , dar Al-amn (field of safety) rear RTL دارالأمن: term suggested by Western Moslem philosophers to describe the Moslem statute in Occident;
Dar Al-Dawa , dar AD-daʿwa (field of the invitation) rear RTL دارالدعوة: term used to indicate an area where Islam entered recently. The most frequent use of this term indicates the Arabia before and during the life of Mahomet.
Dar Al-Harb , dar Al-ḥarb (field of the war) rear RTL دارالحرب: literally “house of the war”, indicates the territories which are not Islamized, by opposition with Dar Al-Islam , the “House of the tender. The inhabitants of Dar Al-Harb are called Harbi .
Dar Al-Islam , dar Al-islām (Islamized field) rear RTL دارالإسلام: literally “House of the tender” by opposition Dar Al-Harb , the “House of the war”;
Dar Al-Kufr , dar Al-kufr (field of the unbelief) rear RTL دارالكفر: term used by Mahomet to indicate the company of Mecque dominated by the Quraych ites between its exile with Médine and its triumphing return. Became later on synonymous with Dar Al-Harb ;
Dar ach-Chahâda , dar aš-šahāda (field of testimony) rear RTL دارالشهادة: is the term suggested by the Western Moslem philosophers to describe the statute of the Moslems in the western world.
Daʿwa , daʿwa (invitation with the faith) rear RTL دَعْوة: vocation; profession of faith; invitation with the faith carried out by dâʿi;
Dervish , darwīš (dervish) rear RTL دَرويش: from the Persan derwiš درويش (beggar) comes : member of some brotherhoods soufies;
Dhikr , ḏikr (invocation) rear RTL ذِكْر: invocation; repetition (of the name of God);
Dhimmi , ḏimmī (dhimmî) rear RTL ذمّي: member of a religion of the book, which is not allowed to fight with the believers, and discharges a special tax “to repurchase himself” not to be Moslem;
Dhû' l-Fikar , ḏū l-fikar (that which with a spine) rear RTL ذوالفقار: name of the sword with two points that Mahomet gave to `Ali at the time of the Bataille of Uhud:
Dhû' l-Hijja , ḏū l-ḥijja (month of the pilgrimage) rear RTL ذوالحجة: name of the last month of the Moslem Calendar, month crowned of the great pilgrimage.
Dhû' l-Kifl , ḏū l-kifl (that which with a share doubles) rear RTL ذوالكفل: prophet, quoted in Coran identified with the biblical prophet Ézéchiel;
Dhû' l-Qaʿda , ḏū l-qaʿda (month of??) rear RTL ذوالقعدة: name of the eleventh month of the Moslem Calendar.
Dhû' l-Qarnâʾ , ḏū l-qarnā' year (that which has two horns) rear RTL ذوالقرناء: character quoted in Coran often identified with Alexandre Large the;
Dhû' n-nûn , ḏū n-nūn (that with fish) rear RTL ذو النون: character quoted in Coran identified with the biblical prophet Jonas (rear yūnus RTL يونس): Titrate sourate X. In spite of its title, this sourate quotes Jonas only once. Its adventure is told further; It is also called companion of the fish , aṣāb Al-ḥūt RTL rear كصاحب الحوت;
Dhû' n-nûryin , ḏū n-nūrīyn (that which has two lights) rear RTL ذوالنورين: a nickname of `Uthman;
Dhuhan , ḍouḥan (morning) rear RTL ضحى: clearness of the day. Al-Dhuhan is the title of the sourate XCIII;
DIN , dīn (religion) rear RTL دين: often translated by “religion”;
Diya , diya (the price of blood) rear RTL دية: price of blood for a manslaughter;
Djihad , to see Jihad;
Djinn , jinn (djinn) rear RTL جنّ: geniuses; demons; djinns. Titrate Sourate LXXII.
Djizyîa , to see Jiz' ya;
Duʿâʾ , duʿāʾ (prayer) rear RTL دعاء: personal prayer; supplication; call. Personal prayer in opposition with Salat the canonical prayer.
Dunya , dunyā (ici-bas) rear RTL دنيا: ici-bas, the world, wordly goods in opposition with beyond ('will âkhira);

E

Eblis , to see Iblis;
Sent , to see Messenger;

F

Fajara , to fajir rear RTL فاجر pl. will fajara (discharged) rear RTL فجرة: libertine;
Fajr , fajr (prayer of the morning) rear RTL فجر: paddle; dawn.
Falah , falāḥ (happiness) rear RTL فلاح: success; happiness; success;
Fanaʾ , fanāʾ (fanā') rear RTL فناء: destruction; fainding; extase mystical;
Make-up , rear farḍ RTL فرض pl. rear furūḍ RTL فروض): obligatory, according to the religion.
Fâsiq , fāsiq (discharged) rear RTL فاسق: discharged;
Fâtir , to fātir (creative) rear RTL فاطر: who does not fast; creator. Al-Fâtir is the title of the sourate XXXV.
Fatwa , fatwā (fatwā, fetva) rear RTL فتوى: legal opinion which supplements the Fiqh;
Fiqh , fiqh (fiqh) rear RTL فقه: jurisprudence;
Fitna , fitna (fitna) rear RTL فتنة: seduction (female); riot; dissension. In the religious field rupture; schism.
Fi sabil Allah , fī sabīl allāh (on the way of God) rear RTL فيسبيلالله: on the way of God. manner of naming the Jihad;
Fitra , fiṭraʰ (will fitra) rear RTL فطرة: nature of a thing, and specifically nature of the man;
Furqan , furqān (obviousness) rear RTL فرقان: proof; separation enters the good and the evil;

G

Ghafara , will ḡafara (to forgive) rear RTL غفر
Ghafla , ḡafla (unconcern) rear RTL (غفلة: improvidence; negligence, indifference
Ghayba , ḡayba (screening) rear RTL غيبة: absence; distance; disappearance; the screening in which the Imam would be occulted, it twelfth Imam in the Chiisme duodécimain;
Ghulâm/Ghimân , ḡulām (adolescent) rear RTL غلام pl. rear ḡilmān RTL غلمان: teenager; boy; beautiful young man of the paradise. See also Wildân;
Ghusl , ḡusl (great ablution) rear RTL غسل: great ablutions;

H

Habous , ḥubs, (leg; gift) rear RTL حبس pl. ʾaḥbās, rear RTL أحباس: The habous is a pious donation making it possible to leave the pleasure of this good to dévolutaires.
Hadath , ḥadaṯ, ( event; incident ) RTL rear حدث: event causing an impurity

ḥadaṯ Al-aṣḡar, ( minor impurity ), rear RTL حدثالأصغر: impurity which requires the recourse to the small ablutions;
ḥadaṯ Al-akbar, ( major impurity ), rear RTL حدثالأكبر: impurity which requires the recourse to the great ablutions;

Hadd , ḥadd, ( imperative sorrow ), rear RTL حدّ pl. rear ḥudūd RTL حدود: Term of Moslem right, pains that the judge cannot modulate it because it ordered by God, this term is opposed to the flexible sorrows by the jurisdiction (tazîr).
Hâdî , hādī (guide) rear RTL هادي: guide; one of the 99 attributes of God;
Hadith , ḥadīṯ (hadîth, hadith) rear RTL حديث pl. rear ʾahādīṯ RTL أحاديث: word or act of Mahomet considered as an example to follow by the practitioners;
Hafiz , ḥāfiẓ (hâfiz) rear RTL حافظ: nobody who knows the Coran by heart;
Hajj , ḥajj, (pilgrimage) rear RTL حجّ: pilgrimage with Mecque, one of the five Pillars of Islam;
Hakim , ḥākim, (authority; magistrate) , rear RTL حاكم: Al-Hakim one of the 99 attributes of God;
Halal , ḥalāl (hallal, halal) rear RTL حلال: license; not crowned; layman, sells by auction by opposition with interdict (harâm) ;
Halîm , ḥalīm, (soft; magnanime; lenient) rear RTL حليم: Qualify the character of Loth and that of Isaac. Halim is the name of a divinity sabéenne. Al-Halim is one of the 99 attributes of God;
Hanif , ḥanīf (hanîf) rear RTL حنيف: pure Islamic monotheism, orthodoxy;
Haqq , ḥaqq (justice) rear RTL حقّ: truth; right; justice. one of the 99 attributes of God: Al-Haqq;
Haqîqa , ḥaqīqa (truth) rear RTL حقيقة: truth; truth; authenticity;
Haram , ḥarām (harâm, haram) rear RTL حرام: what is crowned; what is prohibited by the religion, Tabou in opposition with license (halal) ;
Harem , ḥarīm (harem) rear RTL حريم: gynécée; seraglio; place prohibited to the men other than the family members close;
Hassan , ḥasan (beautiful; good) rear RTL حسن: beautiful; good;
Hégire , hijraʰ (hégire) rear RTL هجرة: emigration of Mahomet and his/her companions of Mecque with Médine;
Hidâya , rear hidāyya RTL هداية: control; moral direction;
Hijab , ḥijāb (hijâb, hidjab) rear RTL حِجَاب: veil;
Himmâ , ḥimmā () rear RTL حمّى: reserve; sanctuary;
Hisba , ḥisba (control) rear RTL حِسْبة: calculation; checking, at the beginning left Fraud Squad become religious police force;
Hizb , ḥizb (1/60 of Coran; faction) rear RTL حزب pl. rear ʾaḥzāb RTL أحزاب: Term used in the Coran to designate the members of the tribe of the Quraych ites and the Jews which resided at Médine which was combined against the Moslems of Médine. Al-ʾAhzâb is the title of Sourate XXXIII. This word indicates also 1/60 of Coran i.e. half of a Juzʾ;
Houri , hūrīya (houri) rear RTL حورية, pl. rear hūrīyāt RTL حوريات: virgins of the paradise;
Huddâ , huddā (orthodoxy) rear RTL هدّى: (good) direction; orthodoxy;
Hudna , hudna (truce) rear RTL هدنة: cease fire; armistice; truce;
Hudud , ḥudūd (limiting) rear RTL حدود: limits of the legal sorrows prescribed by Coran;
Hukm , ḥukm (judgment) rear RTL حكم: judgment; decision; verdict;
Humaza , humaza (slanderer) rear RTL همزة: scandalmonger; slanderer. Al-Humaza is the title of the sourate CIV. The slanderer is dedicated to the hells;

I

ʿIbâda , ʿibāda (worship) rear RTL عبادة: worship; the spiritual aspect of Islam; the Charia while being the legislative aspect;
ʾIblîs , ʾiblīs (Iblîs or Eblîs) rear RTL إبليس; The demon, it is the name of a djinn who refuses prosterner in front of Adam on the injunction of God. It is the equivalent of Lucifer;
ʿIchâʾ , ʿišāʾ (evening) rear RTL عشاء: evening; prayer of the beginning of the night; the canonical fifth prayer;
ʿidda Al-marʾâ , (time of viduity) rear RTL عدّةالمرأة: the divorced woman is free to leave the marital home only three months after the delivery of the divorce or the childbirth if it is pregnant. The French civil code envisaged, for the women, one year without having the right of remarier until 2004.
ʾIftâr , ʾifṭār (rupture of the fast) rear RTL إفطار: meal of rupture of the fast of Ramadan; “to lunch”;
ʾIhrâm , ʾiḥrām (dedication) rear RTL إحرام: state of ritual dedication; white clothing of that which achieves in this state the large one or small the pilgrimage;
ʾIhsân , ʾiḥsān (charity) rear RTL إحسان: perfect worship of God;
ʾIʿjâz , rear ʾiʿjāz RTL إعجاز: inimitable character of Coran;
ʾIjmâʿ , ʾijmāʿ (consensus) rear RTL إجماع: consensus of the oulémas or the whole ʾoumma on morals questions, nuns or legal, substitute the sunna;
ʾIjtihâd , ʾijtihād (interpretation) rear RTL إجتهاد: effort of interpretation of the Coran and the Hadith;
ʾIlah , ʾilah (god) rear RTL إله F. ʾilaha (goddess) rear RTL إلهة: divinity; god;
ʿIlm , ʿilm (to know) rear RTL علم: science in the broad sense held by the oulémas;
ʾImâm , ʾimām (ʾimâm, Imam) rear RTL إمام: nobody who directs the prayer; literally: “that which is in front”; for the shî `ites, it is the successor of the prophet Muhammad, the spiritual Guide of the community.
Imamat , ʾimāmaʰ (imamat) rear RTL إمامة: the system of the Imam S at the Shiite S;
ʾÎmân , ʾīmān (faith) rear RTL إيمان: belief; faith;
ʾInchaʿ Allāh , ʾinšāʾ rear allāh RTL إنشاءالله: if God wants it;
ʾInfâq , ʾinfāq (expenditure) rear RTL إنفاق: the tendency to give rather than to take;
Al ʾInjîl , Al-ʾinjīl (the Gospel) rear RTL الإنجيل: the Gospel, in the singular, because the canonical Évangiles are not the initial Gospel with the eyes of the Moslems;
Iqâma , iqāma (call to the prayer) rear RTL اقامة: second call to the prayer, after the Adhan and right before the first Takbir;
ʿĪsā , ʿĪsā (Jesus) rear RTL عيسى: Jesus wire of Marie as the Coran names it because it is supposed not to have of biological father. The Arab Bible Christian in uses the name of Yasûʿa (rear yasūʿa RTL يسوع);
Islam , ʾislām (Islam) rear RTL إسلام: “tender”. The Moslem “is indeed submitted” to God;
ʿIsma , ʿiṣma (infallibility) rear RTL عصمة: infallibility; invulnerability; immunity; impecability;
Isnad , ʾisnād (chain of guarantors) rear RTL إسناد: the chain of the people who bring back a Hadith;
Isra , ʾisrāʾ (night voyage) rear RTL إسراء: the night voyage of Mahomet told in the Miraj;
Istislah , ʾistiṣlāḥ (correction) rear RTL إستصلاح: correction; restoration; reform;
Istichhâd , ʿistišhād (testimony; martyrdom) rear RTL إستشهاد: martyr with the Islamic direction;
Itmâm Al-hujja , itmām Al-ḥujja (final argument) rear RTL اتمامالحجة: the complete explanation of the faith;

J

Jahannam , jahannam (géhenne) rear RTL جهنم: hell;
Jahiliya , jāhiliyya (the preislamic period) rear RTL جَاهِلِيَّ: ignorance, paganism indicates the preislamic period;
Jahl , jāhl (ignorance) rear RTL جهل: ignorance; arrogance;
Jâmiʿ , to see Mosque;
Jâmiʿa , jāmiʿa (gathering) rear RTL جامعة: association; gathering for example university; academy; association; league; federation;
Janaza , janāza (burial) rear RTL جنازة: funeral;
Janna , janna (garden) rear RTL جنة: garden; paradise;
Jazak Allâh Khayr , jazāk allāh ḫayr () rear RTL جزاكاللهخير: “That God rewards you for your benefits”;
Jihâd , jihad (Djihad; fight) rear RTL جِهَاد: effort; effort on oneself; fight; holy war;

* Al Jihâd Al-ʾAʿzam , rear Al-jihād Al-ʾaʿẓam RTL الجهادالأعظم: large jihad; supreme fight, that of the reform of oneself

* Al Jihâd Al-ʾAsghar , rear Al-jihād Al-ʾaṣḡar RTL الجهادالأصغر: small jihad; the holy war; war of defense of Islam;

Jilbâb , jilbāb (Djellaba) rear RTL جلباب: it is a word which one sometimes translates by veil in Coran ( Coran XXXIII; 59);
Jinn , to see Djinn.
Jizʾya , jizʾya (capitation) rear RTL جِزْية: name given to the capitation paid by the Dhimmi S;
Jumâdâ Al-Ûlâ , jumādā Al-ʾūlā (the first (month) hard) rear RTL جمادىالأولى: name of the fifth month of the Moslem Calendar;
Jumâdâ ath-Thânîa , jumādā aṯ-ṯānīa (the second (month) hard) rear RTL جمادىالثانية: name of the sixth month of the Moslem Calendar;
Jumua , jumuʿa (Friday) rear RTL جمعة: the day when one is assembled (jamaʿa) for the prayer;
Juzʾ , juzʾ (1/30 of Coran) rear RTL جزء pl. rear ajzāʾ RTL أجزاء: The Coran divided into thirty parts for its recitation in one month. A distinguishing mark marks the beginning of these divisions ۞;

K

Kaʿaba , kaʿaba (cubic) : cubic; Kaʿaba of Mecque;
Kafir , to kāfir (to kâfir) : non-believer; that which do not believe in a God;
Kalâm , ʿalim Al-kalām (theology) rear RTL علمالكلام: science of the word (divine);
Karb , karb Al-ʿaẓīm (flood) rear RTL كربالعظيم: immense cataclysm. See also Tûfân;
Khalife , to see Caliph;
Khâliq , ḫāliq (creative) rear RTL خالق: Al-Khâliq is one of the 99 attributes of God;
Kharâj , ḫarāj (tax on land) rear RTL خراج: tax; tax on land which had by the owners not-Moslem;
Khâtib , ḫāṭib (preacher) rear RTL خاطب: that which pronounces the sermon of Friday (khutba);
Khilâfa , to see Caliphate;
Khitân , ḫitān (circumcision) rear RTL ختان: circumcision;
Kufr , kufr (koufr) : mécréance, apostasy;
Khadîja , ḫadīja (khadidja) : name of the first wife of Mahomet; the word implies that it was a fragile baby with the birth: a little runt .
Khums , ḫums (a fifth; 1/5) rear RTL خمس
Khutba , ḫuṭba (preaching) : preaching; speech; sermon of Friday;
Kîtab , kītab (delivers) rear RTL كتاب: deliver; Coran is called Al-Kîtab;

L

Laghw , laḡw (futility) rear RTL لغو: useless, futile conversation;
Lative case , laṭīf (benevolent) rear RTL لطيف: benevolent; nice; pleasant. Al-lative case: one of the 99 attributes of God.
Lâzim , lāzim (obligatory) rear RTL لازم: essential; necessary; obligatory;
Lisân , lisān (language) rear RTL لسان: language (anatomical or linguistic);
Laʿîn , laʿīn (hated) rear RTL لعين: cursed; rejected. Al it ʿîn: Satan.
Laʿna , laʿna (anathema) rear RTL لعنة: anathema; curse;
Layla Al-Qadr , (night of the destiny) rear RTL ليلةالقدر: “The night of the destiny” one harms towards the end of the month of Ramadan during which Mahomet received the first revelation;

M

Maʿâd , maʿād (destination) rear RTL معاد: beyond like final destination;
Māchaʿ Allāh , māšāʾ allāh (God wanted it) rear RTL ماشاءالله: in echo with “ if God wants it ” (Inchaʿ Allāh): . One says also Mektoub;
Mashhad , mašhad (place of a martyrdom) rear RTL مشهد: Mashhad is the name of the second town of Iran, place of the mausoleum of “Ali Ben Mûsâ rear-Ridhâ eighth Imam.
Madhhab , maḏhab (legal school) rear RTL مذهب: legal school of thought. Indicate also the system of thought which in is resulting, even the religion and the faith;
Madrasa , madrasaʰ (school) rear RTL مدرسة: school in the broad sense; in particular school or Koranic university;
the Maghreb , maḡrib (occident) rear RTL مغرب: occident; sleeping; west;
Mahram , rear maḥram RTL محرم: nobody of the same family with which one cannot marry;
Maghrib , maḡrib (prayer of the evening) rear RTL مغرب: the canonical fourth prayer with laying down sun;
Mahdî , mahdī (mahdi) rear RTL مهدي: man guided by ʾAllāh which will come towards the end of time; at the Shiite S, it is a eschatologic figure near to the Hebrew Messie ;
Majlis , majlis (Parliament, meeting) rear RTL مجلس: place where one assied; Parliament; meeting;
Makrûh , makrūh (hateful) rear RTL مكروه: qualify rejected but not repressed acts;
Malâʾka , malāʾika (angel) rear RTL ملائكة: angel;
My malakat aymanukum , mā malaat ʾaymānukum (that your right hand has) rear RTL ماملكتأيمانكم: this expression designates the prisoners of war (slaves) that the Moslem can marry in all legality;
Mandub , mandūb (recommended) rear RTL مندوب: advisable (see halal and mustahabb);
Mansûkh , to see Repealed;
Manzil , manzil (1/7 of Coran) rear RTL منزل: indicate one of the seven parts of the Coran for its recitation in one week (see also juzʾ);
Maqsid , maqṣid (goal) rear RTL مقصد: goal; intension;
Maqsura , will maqṣūra (will maqsura, cabin) rear RTL مفصورة: place; place inside a mosque or the sovereign puts at the abrit attacks;
Marabout , murābiṭ (murâbit; marabout) rear RTL مرابط: saint; member of a râbita; ascetic;
Mardûd , mardūd (pushed back) rear RTL مردود: qualify the Hadith S regarded as Apocryphe S;
Maʿrûf , maʿrūf (well-known) rear RTL معروف: what is known of all;
Masjid , to see Mosque;
Masyah , to see Messiah;
Maʿsûm , maʿsūm () rear RTL معصوم, pl. rear maʿsūmūn RTL معصومون, rear maʿsūmīn RTL معصومين: literally, completely intact; impeccable. That can qualify an unscathed child of very sinned. The Chiite S Duodécimain S consider Mahomet, his/her daughter Fatima and the twelve Imam S like the fourteen my `asûmûn .
Maulana or Mawlana , mawlānā (our mollah) rear RTL مولانا: our Master; titrate respect for an authority as regards religion (see Mollah);
Mawlid , abbreviation of: mawlid year-nabawîy, rear RTL مولدالنبويّ, birth of the prophet : celebrates which commemorates the birth of Mahomet;
Médersa , madrasa (médersa) rear RTL مدرسة: vocalization of the word Madrasa used with the the Maghreb to indicate a Koranic university;
Mektoub , mektūb ((it was) fatal) rear RTL مكتوب: fatal; writing (see Māchaʿ Allāh);
Messenger , rasūl (prophet, envoy, messenger, rasûl) rear RTL رسول: envoy; messenger (of God). The prophet (Nabî) lance of the warnings to a given population, the messenger (Rasûl) brings a major revelation;
Messiah , masyaḥ (Messiah) rear RTL مسيح: The Messiah (Jesus) is different from the Mahdi;
Mihrab , miḥrāb (mihrâb) rear RTL محراب: niche turned towards Mecque in a Mosque;
Minaret , miʾḏana (minaret) rear RTL مئذنة: the Arab word indicates the place from where the Muezzin (muʾwaḏḏin) calls upon the prayer (ʾaḏân) . The French word derives from the Turkish minare coming from the Arab word manāraʰ , rear RTL منارة, meaning “turn”;
Miʿraj , miʿrāj (rise) rear RTL مِعْرَاج: rise (literally: “scale”) of Mahomet to the skies at the time of the “night voyage” (Isra);
Minbar , minbar (minbar) rear RTL منبر: pulpit of the preacher;
Minhaj , minhaj (method) rear RTL منهج: methodology; policy;
Miswâk , miswāk (toothpick) rear RTL مسواك, to see Siwak
Mollah ,/ Mullah , mawlā (mollah) (rear RTL مولى): helps; auxiliary; in Islam, titrates given to the religious personalities, the doctors of the law;
Mosque , jāmiʿ (jâmiʿ, mosque) rear RTL جامع: place of the assembly; large mosque, gives the Turkish word cami , the French word mosque drift of masjid rear RTL مسجد: place where one prostrate;
Mubâh , mubāḥ (authorized) rear RTL مباح: qualify what neither prohibited nor is recommended (see halal);
Muezzin , muʿwaḏḏin (muezzin) rear RTL مؤذن: the French word derives from the Turkish muezzin , coming from Arabic, and nominates the person of the mosque in charge of the call to the prayer (ʾaḏân) ;
Muhâjir , to muhājir (to muhâjir) rear RTL مهاجر pl. muhājirūn (muhâjirûn) rear RTL مهاجرون: exiled, taken refuge, the Compagnons Mahomet indicates which joined it with Médine at the time of the Hégire to distinguish them from those which are originating in Médine.
Muhtasib , muḥtasib (muhtasib) rear RTL مُحْتَسِب: at the beginning controller of the prices; charged with Hisba, later its mission consisted in tracking the apostates and other heretics to kill them;
Muharram , muḥarram (crowned) rear RTL محرم: name of the first month of the Moslem Calendar, more crowned .
Mouloud , muulud , mouled or maoulide to see Mawlid;
Muʿawidhatân , muʿawiḏatān (two (sourates) protective) rear RTL معوذتان: Al-Muʿawidhatân is the name given to the two last Sourate S of the Coran the paddle and the men , said the sourates of the supposed refuge to protect from the souffrace and the evil eye;
Mufsid , mufsid (corrupting) rear RTL مفسد pl. rear mufsidūn RTL مفسدون;
Mujahid , mujāhid (mujâhid, moudjahid) rear RTL مجاهد pl. mujāhidūn (moudjahidin) rear RTL مجاهدون: combatant; resisting; militant, that which practices the jihād; U
Mujtahid , mujtahid (mujtahid) rear RTL مجتهد: that which has the necessary qualifications to practice the ʾijtihād;
Muladi , Spanish: muladí, pl. muladíes, of Arabic muwallad, (mongrel) , rear RTL مولّد: indicated in Al-Andalus, the new converts with Islam;
Muʾmin , muʾmin (believing) rear RTL مؤمن pl. rear muʾminūn RTL مؤمنون;
Munafiq , munafiq (hypocritical) rear RTL منفق: pl. rear munāfiqūn RTL منافقون: the hypocrites is Titer of the Sourate LXIII;
Munaqaba , rear munaqaba RTL منقبة pl. rear munaqabāt RTL منقبات: a woman who carries the Niqab;
Murâbit , to see Marabout
Murchid , muršid (guide (spiritual)) rear RTL مرشد: in the Sufism a spiritual guide;
Mustahabb , mustaḥabb (preferable) rear RTL مستحبّ: qualify an advisable action but not abligatoire (see halal)
Moslem , muslim (Moslem, mahométan, islamist) pl. muslimūn (Moslem, mahométans, islamist) rear RTL مسلمون: the French word derives from the Turkish müslüman or from the Farsi مسلمان mosalmān , coming from Arabic: textually “subjected”. The Moslem subjects himself to the Coran , word of Allah, follower of the Islam;
Murtadd , murtadd (apostate) rear RTL مرتد: apostate; that which disavows Islam;
Muslim , form anglo-saxone of the Moslem word, to see Moslem;
Mutʿa , mutʿaʰ (mutʿa) rear RTL متعة: compensation given to a woman after a divorce, indicates also the temporary marriage.
Mutawâtir , to mutawātir (recurring) rear RTL متواتر: notorious; recurring, says itself of a Hadith being on several occasions with different chains of guarantors;

NR

Nabî , to see Prophet;
Nafil , nāfil (superfluous) rear RTL نافل: supererogatory;
Nafs , nafs (heart) rear RTL نفس: heart;
Nahw , naḥw (nahw) rear RTL نَحْو: grammar, necessary to include/understand Coran;
Najâsa , najāsa (impurity) rear RTL; state of impurity which obliges the believer to recourrir with the great ablutions.
Nakîr and Munkar , nakīr wa munkar () rear RTL منكرونكير: Names of the two angels which test the faith of late in their tomb;
Nasîha , naṣīḥa (council) rear RTL نصيحة: opinion; recommendation;
Nâsikh , to see Abrogeant;
Nass , naṣṣ (decision) rear RTL نصّ: regulation; clause; stipulation;
Nifaq , nifāq (hypocrisy) rear RTL نفاق: cheating; imposture; pharisaism;
Niqab , niqāb (veil of face) rear RTL نقاب: veil attached behind the head posed on the top of the nose covering the bottom of the face;
Nûr , nūr (light) rear RTL النور: Year-Nûr is the title of the sourate XXIV;
Nubuwwa , nubuwwa (prophecy) rear RTL نبوّة;

O

For the Arab words starting with “ Ou~ ”, to also see U~.

Screening , to see Ghrayba
Ouléma , ʿālim (`âlim, ouléma) rear RTL عَالِم: in the literal sense, “that which knows”. In Islam, “theologist”. More known in the plural, ʿulamāʾ (`oulamâ') عُلَمَاء, passed in French in the form ouléma , which is also used as singular: “a ouléma ”;
Oumma , ʾummaʰ (ʾoumma) rear RTL أُمَّة: community of the believers;
`Oumra , ʿumraʰ (`will oumra) rear RTL عُمْرَة: (small) nonobligatory pilgrimage, not forming part of the five Pillars of Islam;
`Ourf , ʿurf (`ourf) rear RTL عُرْف: habit;

P

Paradise , the paradise of the Moslems is a garden (see Janna);
Prophet , nabī (prophet) rear RTL نبيّ, pl. rear anbiyā' RTL أنْبياء: Prophet. Year-Anbîya is the title of the sourate XXI; to also see Messenger;

Q

Qadar ite , qadarīy (fatalistic) rear RTL قدريّ: The word qadarite (qadarîy) is taken by antiphrasis. It means fatalistic but must be included/understood like partisan of the free will. Qadarism (Al) appeared as of the 7th century proclaiming the free will and considering that each believer is responsible for his acts.
Qadhâʾ wa l-Qadr Al-qaḍāʾ wa l-qadr (fate) rear RTL القضاءوالقدر: will of God;
Qadi , to see Cadi;
Qadr , qadr (intended) rear RTL قدر: proportion; measure; divine decree. It is the divine will such as it exists before even creation.
Qaddûs , qaddūs (very holy) rear RTL قدّوس: Al-Qaddûs is one of the 99 attributes of God;
Qalam , qalam (calame) rear RTL قلم Greek: kalamos ltr el καλαμος : calame; pencil; pen. Al-Qalam is the title of sourate LXVIII. Instrument of writing, it is the symbol of the “written” revelation of Coran. It is from a point of view esoteric the equivalent of the “Verb” of the Évangile of Jean. It is the creative principle of which all emanates.
Qasas , qaṣaṣ (account) rear RTL قصص: account; history; narration; relation. Al-Qasas is the title of the sourate XXVIII;
Qibla , qiblaʰ (direction; south) rear RTL قبلة: direction of Mecque for the prayer;
Qisâs , qisās (retaliation) rear RTL قصاص: Retaliation; compensation; punishment;
Qîyâma , qīyāma (résurection) rear RTL قيامة: resurrection; day of the judgment. Al-Qiyama is the title of sourate LXXV;
Qiyas , qiyās (qiyâs) rear RTL قِيَاس: Analogy, legal reasoning or monk based on the analogy with the already known rules;
Qudsî , qudsīy (crowned) rear RTL قدسيّ: The crowned hadiths ( qudsî ) are regarded as bringing back the divine word and not that of the prophet.
Qurʾân to see Coran;
Quraych ite , qurašīy (quraychite) rear RTL قرشيّ: Member of the tribute of the prophet Mahomet whose éponyme Quraych was born four generations before the prophet. Al-Quraych is the title of the sourate CVI;

R

Rabb , rabb (main) rear RTL ربّ: Master; lord; God. Ar-Rabb is one of the 99 attributes of God;
Rabî `has Al-Awal , rabīʿa Al-ʾawal (the first (month) of spring) rear RTL ربيعالأول: name of the third month of the Moslem Calendar.
Rabi `has ath-Thani , rabīʿa aṯ-ṯānī (the second (month) of spring) rear RTL ربيعالثاني: name of the fourth month of the Moslem Calendar.
Râbita , rābiṭa (community) rear RTL رابِطة: community soufie of (marabouts);
Rachid , rašīd (directed well) rear RTL رشيد pl. rear rāšidūn RTL راشدون: reasonable; orthodoxe; directed well;
Rahmân , raḥmān (lenient) rear RTL الرحمن: Ar-Rahmân is one of the 99 attributes of God;
Rahîm , raḥīm (miséricordieux) rear RTL الرحيم: Ar-Rahîm is one of the 99 attributes of God;
Raʾi , or Ra' there , raʾy, rear raʾi RTL رأْي: personal opinion of the judge;
Rajab , rajab (respected; worthy) rear RTL رجب: name of the seventh month of the Moslem Calendar. It is one the four months crowned.
Rajm , rajm (lapidation) rear RTL رجم: caillassage: lapidation;
Rakʿa , rakʿa (prostration) rear RTL ركعة: basic unit of the canonical prayer (Salat); each daily prayer makes up of a given number of prostrations;
Ramadan , ramaḍān ((the month of the sun) extreme) rear RTL رمضان ramaḍān ): name of the ninth month of the Moslem Calendar. This month which recalls the beginning of the revelation of the Coran made to Mahomet, is marked by the Jeûne.
Rasûl , to see Messenger;
Rîba , rība (doubt) rear RTL ريبة: doubt; suspicion; the doubt is a disease which corrodes the heart
Ribh , ribḥ (interest) rear RTL ربح pl. rear ʾarbāḥ RTL أرباح: the loan with usurious interests is prohibited by the Coran;
Ridda , ridda (apostasy) rear RTL ردّة: apostasy; abjuration;
Rifâda , rifāda (assistance) rear RTL رفادة: assistance; honorary load with Mecque, consisting in ensuring the provisioning of food of the pilgrims;
Risâla , risāla (message) rear RTL رسالة: message; mission; apostolate. It is the message brought by the Messager (Rasûl);
Rûh , rūḥ (spirit) rear RTL روح: spirit, breath, gasoline; heart. It is the divine breath which gives life to Adam
Rukn , rukn (pillar) rear RTL ركن pl. rear ʾarkān RTL أركان: pillar; support; column; basic principle; elementary principle. For example the Pillars of Islam.
Rukûʿ , rukūʿ (prostration) rear RTL ركوع: synonym of Rakʿa;

S

Sabr , ṣabr (patience) rear RTL صبر: self-control; endurance;
Sadaqa , ṣadaqa (alms) rear RTL صدقة: alms; voluntary alms. in opposition with the legal alms (Zakâ)
Sadâq , ṣadāq (douaire) rear RTL صداق: dowry; douaire. Dowry given by the husband-to-be to his wife. In theory this dowry must remain the exclusive property of the wife;
Safar , rear ṣafar RTL صفر: name of the second month of the Moslem Calendar;
Sahâba , ṣaḥāba (companion) rear RTL صحابة, sing. ṣaḥābīy (sahâbîy) rear RTL صحابي, fem. ṣaḥābīya (sahâbîya) rear RTL صحابية, designates the companions of the Mahomet.
Sahîh , adj. ṣaḥīḥ (authenticates) : authentic; truth. Employee like name to indicate the collections of Hadith S of Bukhari and Muslim. Employed as adjectival that qualifies these collections.
Sahûr , saḥūr (breakfast) rear RTL سحور: meal taken before the rising of the sun during the Fast of the month of Ramadan;
Salâ , ṣalā (prayer (canonical)) rear RTL صلاة pl. ṣalāt (salted) rear RTL صلات: the prayer/prayers, one of the five Pillars of Islam;
Salafisme , salafīya (salafism) rear RTL سلفيّة, maḏāhab have-salaf (doctrines of original Islam) rear RTL مذاهبالسلف, have-salaf aṣ-ṣaliḥ (old piles) rear RTL السلفالصلح: doctrines making to reference to the first three generations of Islam, famous being of perfect models;
Salâm , salām (peace) rear RTL سلام: the Arab word peace division a common root (SLM) with Islam, ʾislām (Islam) rear RTL إسلام: “tender”;
Sallâ Allâhu ʿalayhi wa salam , ṣallā-llāhu ʿalayhi wa rear sallam RTL صلىاللهعليهوسلم or RTL rear صلىاللهعليهوسلم: “that the peace and the blessing of Allah are on him”, Eulogie greeting the name of Mahomet;
Salsabîl , salsabīl () rear RTL سلسبيل: Name of a source of the Paradise;
Saoum / Sawm , ṣawm (fast) rear RTL صوْم: the fast: that can be the fast of the month of Ramadan, one of the five Piliers of Islam or the supererogatory young person occurring on other occasions (to fast every Monday and Thursday for example).
Saqar , saqar (burning fire) rear RTL سقر: One of the multiple names of the hell in Coran;
Satan , šayṭān (demon) rear RTL شيطان: demon; (one) Satan; Iblîs. Used as common noun and in the plural: the Satans Becomes a proper name in the form (It) Satan ;
Sayyid , sayyid (sayid, sayyid) rear RTL سيّد: lord. Titrate used for the descendants of Mahomet;
Sîra , will sīra (will sîra, biography) rear RTL سيرة: name of the Biography S of Mahomet.
Sirât Al-Mustaqîm , aṣ-ṣirāṭ Al-mustaqīm (the way of the elected officials) rear RTL الصراطالمستقيم: right way. Expression which one frequently finds in Coran. It is then the way to be followed;
Siwâk , siwāk (toothpick) rear RTL سواك: natural toothpick of which the use is recommended in the hadiths;
Soufî , ṣūfī (soufî, Sufism) rear RTL صوفي: running mystical of the Islam (literally: “wool” of the cape carried by the soufis);
Subhan Allâh , subḥan allāh (glory with God) rear RTL سبحانالله: expression of admiration or surprise;
Subhanahu taʿâlâ , subḥanahu taʿālā (God is rented) rear RTL سبحانهتعالى; in the Moslem religious texts, writings or oral examinations, this Eulogie follows the word Allâh.
Sourate , will sūra (sourate) rear RTL سورة: what is arranged; chapter of the Coran;
Sunna , sunna (sunna) rear RTL سنّة: together facts, gestures and prophetic words in Islam brought back by his/her companions;
Sunnisme , sunnīy (sunnite, sunnism) rear RTL سنّيّ: “the example”; running sunnite, majority in Islam;

T

Ta' awwudh , taʿawwuḏ (invocation) is a Invocation which asks for the protection of God against Satan;
Tabaʿīn , tābaʿīn (successors) : successors (of the Sahaba); those which follow. Indicate the first Musulman S born after death of Mahomet.
Tachkîl , taškīl (voyellisation) rear RTL تشكيل: vocalization; voyellisation of a text by adding the vowels brêves to it;
Tafsir , tafsīr (interpretation) rear RTL تفسير: interpretation, in particular of the Coran;
Taghut , ṭāḡūt (idol) rear RTL طاغوت: Name of a preislamic idol; demon of the rebellion; idol; false god;
Tahajjada , tahajjada (night prayer) rear RTL تهجّد: night prayer surrérogatoire. It is recommended to pass until two thirds of the night in prayer;
Tahâra , will ṭahāra (purification) rear RTL طهارة: With the profane direction: hygiene, purification, asepsis. With the religious direction: to make its ritual ablutions;
Tâhir , to ṭāhir (pure) rear RTL طاهر fem. rear RTL طاهرة will ṭāhira: pure; limpid; for a woman, not to have her rules;
Tahrîf , taḥrīf (falsification) rear RTL تحريف: In Coran, Jews and Christians are shown to have falsified the divine revelation, in particular they would have erased the advertisement of the arrival of Mahomet;
Taïfa , ṭāʾifa (brotherhood) rear RTL طائفة rear pl. ṭawāʾif RTL طوائف: community; sect; brotherhood. At the time where Al-Andalus split in small kingdoms known as of taïfas rival the Reyes of taifa.
Tajdîd , tajdīd (innovation) rear RTL تجديد: revival; renewal; movement of reform;
Tajwid , tajwīd (embellishment) rear RTL تجويد: embellishment, way particularly applied to read the Coran to benefit from it the most;
Takfir , rear takfīr RTL تكفير: the act to show a Moslem to be an infidel (to kâfir);
Talâq , talāq (repudiation) rear RTL طلاق: repudiation; divorce. repudiation is the title of sourate LXV;
Taleb , ṭalib (student) rear RTL طالب pl. ṭālibūn (taliban) rear RTL طالبون: student; candidate; applicant; that which studies in order to obtain a qualification;
Taliban , ṭālibūn (talibans) rear RTL طالبون: Name of a fundamentalist movement Afghan, in this direction, the plural form of the Arab word is only used;
Tanzîl , tanzīl (revelation) rear RTL تنزيل: Divine revelation descended on Mahomet;
Taqiya , taqīyaʰ (dissimulation) rear RTL تقية: the fact of having to be dissimulated to practice its religion;
Taqlid , taqlīd (imitation) rear RTL تقليد: imitation, i.e. respect, without calling them into question, of the precepts of a jurisprudence;
Taqsîr , taqṣīr (reduction) rear RTL تقصير: Rite which marks the end of the pilgrimage with Mecque, consistent for the men to cut the hair very short or to shave cranium, for the women to shorten the length of the hair;
Tarâwîh , tarāwīḥ ((prayer of) rest) rear RTL تراويح: qualify the additional prayers which one can make during the nights of the month of Ramadan;
Tariqa , ṭarīqa (brotherhood) rear RTL طريقة: ; sees; method; process. Brotherhood of mystics Soufi S;
Tarkib , tarkīb (grammar) rear RTL تركيب: construction (of a sentence for example); study of Arab grammar starting from Coran;
Tartîl , tartīl (slow declamation) rear RTL ترتيل: slow form of tajwîd (recitation applied of Coran);
Tasawwuf , taṣawwuf (Sufism) rear RTL تصوّف: Sufism; mysticism;
Tasnîm , rear tasnīm RTL تسنيم: Name of a source of the paradise;
Taslim , taslim (greeting) rear RTL تسلم: greeting at the end of the prayer;
Tawaf , ṭawāf (circuit) rear RTL طواف: circumambulation around the Kaaba;
Tawhid , tawḥīd (monotheism) rear RTL توحيد: monotheism, call to the unicity of the existence of Allah;
Tazîr , taʿzīr (punishment) rear RTL تعزير: This term of right means that the sorrow depends on the local laws and the jurisdiction. He is opposed to hadd which means that the sorrow was fixed by God;
Tayammum , tayammum (ablution dries) rear RTL تيمّم: ablution made with sand, or stone, in the absence of water;
Tubbaʿ , rear tubbaʿ RTL تبّع: Name of people sabéen of the Yemen;
Tûfân , ṭūfān (flood) rear RTL طوفان: flood; press; flood. See also Karb;
Tuwâ , rear ṭuwā RTL طوى: In Coran, it is the name of the valley where the scene of the burning bush

occurs

U

`Ulama , to see Ouléma;
Umma , to see Oumma;
`Umra , to see `Oumra;
`Urf , to see `Ourf;

V

W

Wadd , wadd (love) rear RTL ودّ: Wadd is a preislamic divinity of the love and friendship. Divinity of the Arab tribe of the Banû Kalb (dogs?) ;
Wahdaniya Allah , waḥdānīya allah (unicity of God) rear RTL وحدانيّةاللّهِ: unicity of orthodoxe God doctrines;
Wahdat Al-Wujud , waḥda Al wuǧūd (wahda Al-wujûd) rear RTL وِحدَةُالوُجُودِ: unicity of creation attesting the unicity of God, doctrines Soufi E developed by Ibn ʿArabî;
Wahhabite/wahhabism , wahhābīy (generous) rear RTL وهابيّ: doctrines sunnite hanbalite which draw its name from Muhammad ʿAbd Al-Wahhâb, reformer of the 18th century born in Arabia;
Wahî , waḥī (inspiration) rear RTL وحي: revelation, like that done with Brace or Mahomet, it differs from that done exclusively with Mahomet (see Tanzîl);
Wâjib , wājib (obligatory) rear RTL واجب: to also see Make-up;
Wakîl , wakīl (agent) rear RTL وكيل pl. rear wukalāʾ RTL وكلاء: lawyer; carry word; agent. In the Ismaélisme in fact the imâms represent the imâm hidden. Al-Wakîl is one of the 99 attributes of God;
Wâli , wāli (viceroy) rear RTL وال: Titrate Arab governors of Al-Andalus governor of province; viceroy. In Morocco it is a prefect named by the king. not to confuse with the following word which divides the same root meaning to control. ;
Walîy , walīy (protective) rear RTL وليّ pl. rear awlyāʾ RTL أولياء: saint; friend of God; tutor; that which is used as spiritual guide. Coran invites to choose his/her friends among the believers;
Wâqiʿa , wāqiʿa (inescapable) rear RTL واقعة: accident; accomplished fact; that which is inescapable. Al-Wâqiʿa is the title of sourate LVI;
Warrâq , warrāq (paper) rear RTL ورّاق: scribe; editor; notary; printer;
Wasat , wasaṭ (medium) rear RTL وسط: center; heart; medium; average; moderation;
Wasî , waṣīy (administrator) rear RTL وصيّ: executor; tutor. ʿAlî is for the Shiites the wasî of Mahomet and was to thus succeed to him;
Waswâs , waswās (which murmurs) rear RTL وسواس: The tempter perhaps a Djinn or a man, it in any case is directed by the Démon;
Wildân , wildān (boy) rear RTL ولدان: boy; beautiful young man of the paradise. See also Ghulâm;
Witr , witr or watr (odd) rear RTL وتر: prayer surrérogatoire comprising an odd number of prostrations celebrated after the canonical prayer of Isha and before the prayer of Chafʿ;
Wudû' , wuḍūʾ (woudou, small ablution) rear RTL وضوء: small ablutions before the prayer;

X

Y

Yaghûth , rear yaḡūṯ RTL يغوث: name of a preislamic divinity of the help venerated with the Yemen;
Yâjûj wa Mâjûj , yāʾjūj wa māʾjūj (Gog and Magog) rear RTL يأجوجومأجوج: Gog and Magog are strange tribes cut off behind from great walls. The arrival of these people and evoked in hadiths;
Yaqin , yaqīn (certainty) rear RTL يقين: major faith;
Yaʿûq , rear yaʿuq RTL يعوق: name of an Yemeni preislamic divinity of Hamdân or Mourâd;
Yawm , yawm (day) rear RTL يوم: day; day
Yawm Al-Qîyâma , yawm Al-qiyāma (day of the résurection) rear RTL يومالقيامة: the day of the judgment; to also see Qîyâma;

Z

Zabur , zabūr (delivers psalms) rear RTL زبور or zubur (writings) rear RTL زبر: the revealed psalms with David are according to Coran one of the books forming the anteislamic revelation;
Zakat , zakāt (zakât) rear RTL زكاة: legal alms, one of the five Pillars of Islam.
Zahirisme , to ẓāhir (to zâhir) rear RTL ظاهِر: apparent; obvious; proclamation. Term of Soufisme is opposed to esotericism (bâtin).
Zaydisme , rear zaydīya RTL زيدية: The zaidism is a branch of the Chiisme whose followers recognize Zayd Ben `Alî like fifth and last Imam.
Zâlim/Zâlimûn , ẓālim (unjust) rear RTL ظالم: oppressor; unjust;
Zamzam , name pr. (murmur) rear RTL زمزم: name of the puit drilled near Ka `aba.
Zaouïa , zāwīyaʰ (zaouïa, zawiya) rear RTL زاوية: angle; recess; brotherhood; community Soufi of the Maghreb in this context this word is practically synonymous with Râbita.
Zaqqûm , zaqqūm (Zaqqûm) rear RTL زقّوم: a mythical tree which with the hells, is used as food with damnés;
Zihâr , ẓihār (formula of preislamic repudiation) rear RTL ظهار coming from ẓahr (back; back) rear RTL ظهر: this term indicates the action to pronounce the preislamic formula of repudiation of his wife: “Would be for me like the back of my mother”. This formula with the ambiguous direction was prohibited by Coran;
Zikr to see Dhikr;
Zina , zinā (adultery) : adultery; fornication
Zuhr , ẓuhr (prayer of midday) rear RTL ظهر: second canonical prayer;
Zûl- ~ , to see Dhû' L ~

List terms coming from Turkish

bayram (baïram) festival, employed to indicate the `Aïd
minare (minaret) coming from the Arab word manāraʰ , rear RTL مَنارة, meaning “turn”;
muezzin (muezzin) coming from Arabic muʿwaḏḏin , rear RTL مُؤَذِّن and nominates the person of the mosque in charge of the call to the prayer (ʾaḏân);
müslüman (Moslem) coming from Arab plural muslimûn rear RTL مُسْلِمون, meaning Moslem (subjected in French);
Mehmet derived Turkish for Mahomet deformation of its Arab name 'Muhammad" , rear RTL محمد.

Random links: