Vladimir Choukhov

Vladimir Grigorievich Choukhov (in Russian: ВладимирГригорьевичШухов) (1853 - 1939) was a large engineer and Russian architect, famous for his work pioneers, so much so that it is sometimes called the Russian Edison . Its principal innovations relate to civil engineering and oil industry: construction of the first Pipeline in 1878, invention of the thermal Cracking in 1891, and especially design and realization of the hyperboloidal first structures. Several turns Hyperboloïde S in Russia still bear its name, in particular with Moscow and close to Nijni-Novgorod.

Biography

Vladimir G. Choukhov was born with Grayvoron, oblast of Belgorod, Russia the August 28th (Calendrier Julien: August 16th) 1853. His/her father, of minor nobility, was civil servant; he will become later mayor of Grayvoron then administrator with Warsaw.

Between 1864 and 1871, Vladimir follows the courses of the college of Saint-Pétersbourg, where it shows his talents in mathematics quickly. In 1871, it integrates the imperial Technical training school of Moscow, from where it will leave graduate and medal-holder in 1876. Tchebychev, which was its professor there, proposes to him to teach mathematics there, but Choukhov declines the offer: he prefers to undertake a course in industry.

He leaves immediately for the United States, where he works with the Russian house of the World Fair of Philadelphia. It become acquainted there with Alexandre Bari, contractor Russo-American who takes part in the organization of the exposure.

The following year (1877), Choukhov returns to Russia. Its work on the railroad Vienna - Warsaw does not satisfy it, and Bari, which him also has just returned to Russia, does not have any evil to persuade it to join it within a new business which wants to be with the point of engineering. They work together until the Russian Révolution, and this collaboration will revolutionize several fields of civil engineering, the naval constructiuon and oil industry.

After the Revolution, it remains in Russia in spite of many which is quoted to him abroad. It constructs many buildings then. In 1928 - 1929, it receives the title of Héros of work and the Ordre of Lénine, and becomes honorary member of the Academy of Science of Russia. At the end of the years 1930, during the Great Purgings, it gives up its work of engineer, but will not be worried. He dies in Moscow the February 2nd 1939.

An engineer pioneer

Civil engineering

In the field of the calculation of the metal structures, Choukhov is one of the first to develop practical methods of calculation of the efforts and elastic strain of the beams, shells and membranes. The principle used makes it possible to calculate for example the optimal diameter and thickness of the transport pipes of liquids. The practical application of these theoretical results make it possible Choukhov to design the first Russian Pétrolier and a new type of tank of Pétrole.

Its theoretical work, in particular on the use of regulated surfaces (hyperboloidal structures) leads it in the years 1920 to build many buildings concerned with architecture Soviet constructivist:

eight houses of exposure for the fair of Nijni-Novgorod in 1896: on a surface of 27 000 m ², the cover are ensured by a surface regulated in thin shell; the houses are supplemented by a water tower Hyperboloïde.
approximately 200 hyperboloidal turns everywhere in the world, whose most famous Tour Choukhov with Moscow in 1922 is the built .
roomy oval galleries of store, piers a bridge on with the innovating safe deposits of metal-and-glass, in particular the Goum on the Red Place (1889 - 1894), the Museum of the Art schools Pouchkine (1898 - 1912) and of the passage of Petrovka (1903 - 1906).
Enormous metal vault of municipal railway Park (1908) and the Station of Kiev to Moscow (1912 - 1917).
colossal Hall of the central Post office, Moscow (1911 - 1913).
Approximately 500 bridges through the the Volga, the Yenisey, the Dnieper, and other rivers.

Oil industry

In chemical industry, Choukhov contributes decisive shares:

It designs and builds a factory of Craquage. Its patents (process of cracking of Choukhov, patent 12926 of the November 27th 1891) were employed to cancel standard oil on oil refineries.
It conceives a original Pompe of oil. The pumps of Choukhov increased in a revolutionary way the outputs of the oil industry of Bakou.
It conceives one of the first furnaces which employed residual oil: before it his functions residual oil was regarded as a loss and was thrown. It is because of its work that it became recognized like produces technical important known under the name of Fioul.

An impassioned photographer

Choukhov was in addition a photographer impassioned, whose approximately two thousand negative reached us and stereotyped, in different kinds: Report, urban Landscape, Portrait.

See too

Goum
Station of Kiev
Turn Choukhov
Polibino
Choukhov Turn on the River Oka
Structures of hyperboloid
Constructivisme

External bonds

architectural work of Choukhov
photographic work of Choukhov
Vladimir Choukhov
Headlight Adziogol
photographs of the Tower Choukhov
Origins of the modernism in Russian Architecture
Structures of hyperboloid. Gaudí and Choukhov
" Vladimir G. Shukhov E leggerezza LED' acciaio"

Publications

Picon, Antoine (to dir.), " The art of the engineer: manufacturer, contractor, inventeur" , Editions of the Center Georges Pompidou, Paris, 1997, ISBN 2-85850-911-5

Random links: