Vladimir Bechterew
Vladimir Mikhaïlovitch Bekhterev (in Russian ВладимирМихайловичБехтерев ), born the 1857 in Sorali close to Kirov, deceased the December 24th 1927 with Moscow, was a neurologist, neurophysiologist and Russian Psychiatre .
Its summarized career
He made his studies with the medical Academy of Saint-Pétersbourg where he obtained his doctorate in 1881 with a thesis devoted to the possible relations between the body temperature and certain mental diseases. He was high the same year with the rank of Privatdozent of Neurologie and of Psychiatrie and lives itself to grant a grant and research abroad.He went initially to Leipzig where he collaborated with the physiologist Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of the experimental Psychologie and with the neurologist Paul Flechsig. He returned then visit to Theodor Meynert to Vienna, then went to work with Berlin at Carl Westphal and Emil of Wood-Reymond and finally accepted with Paris the teaching of Charcot.
After this European long voyage of study, he became professor of psychiatry at the university of Kazan and returned thereafter to the medical Academy of Saint-Pétersbourg where he was named in 1908 directing of the Institute of Psychoneurologie, which was famous thereafter in its honor.
Vladimir Bekhterev died poisoned in 1927 at the 70 years age. One wonders whether he were not assassinated on the order of Stalin after having diagnosed at his place a severe Paranoïa two days earlier. A few years later, the prosecutor as a chief of Stalin, Andrei Vychinski, gave to a court the order to condemn to dead the son of Bekhterev and to send his family in a camp (Rayfield, S. 198 and suiv.)
Its work
Its research in Neurobiologie mainly related to the Anatomie of the Cerveau and the conditional reflexes.It was one of the principal partisans of the Théorie of the behavior. Independently of Pavlov it developed a theory of the conditional reflex, after having studied as well the innate reflexes as the acquired reflexes.
On the neuroanatomical level, it described a great number of structures of the cerebral Tronc of which the réticulée Formation.
In addition, in a publication of 1900, he proposes that the hippocampi temporal Lobe take part in a way essential with the memory, after having studied the brain of a patient become Amnésique following the bilateral destruction of these structures. These results will be neglected until work of Brenda Milner on the patient H.M. in 1957.
Eponymy
- Bekhterev was one of the first to describe the Spondylarthrite ankylosante, a rhumatologic affection inflammatory of the spinal column. The eponymy “Disease of Bekhterev” ( Morbus Bechterew ) is not very used in France but widespread everywhere else. One still spoke a few decades ago of disease of Bekhterev- Marie - Strümpell, to recall that other authors that Bekhterev had taken part in its description.
External bonds
- a Biography of Bechterew on the anglophone site “Who named it”
- bibliographical Biography and reference to the numerical sources in project VLP of the Institute max Planck of history of sciences