See also: Vision (homonymy)

The vision is the direction dedicated to the Perception of the Lumière, in other words the part known as visible of the electromagnetic Rayonnement is, for the human eye , the wavelengths lain approximately between 350 and 750 Nm.

The vision recovers the physiological whole of the mechanisms S and psychological S by which the light emitted or reflected by the environment determines sensory impressions of varied nature, like the Forme S, the Couleur S, the Texture S, the movement, the Distance and the Relief. These mechanisms utilize the Oeil, body receiving of the Vue, but also of the cognitive Processus complex implemented by specialized zones of the Cerveau (see visual Cortex).

By extension, one calls vision artificial field Technological from which the objective is to deduce the position from points in space with three Dimension S from one or from several Caméra S. the artificial vision, which is based on the theory Mathématique of the projective geometry, makes it possible in particular a robot to move in an autonomous way in the real-world.

The visual System

See also: visual System

Flow of information coming from the outside detected by the Rétine of the eye is not the only returning factor counts some in the mechanism of the vision. The optical illusions of it are the most elementary proof: they consciously show that the way in which the visual Système, and in particular the visual Cortex of the Cerveau, processes these data is also important in the construction of the perceived image, or not.

The vision is neither instantaneous nor fluid, but it is done in a specific and fast way (about the 1/40 of second). The train of visual informations passes since the Rétine by the optical nerves to be conveyed towards the cortical surfaces of the vision to the back of the brain. The way in which the brain processes these data been the subject of many studies in cognitive Neurosciences, in particular since work of the Nobel Prize Hubel and Wiesel.

Within the visual system, it was described many ways which form an architecture complexes charged to process the data of form, the movement, the identification of the objects, the Reconnaissance of the faces, etc Ainsi, for example, the feeling of relief is perceived only through the combined vision of the two eyes, treated for that by the brain which reconstitutes the Relief starting from two slightly shifted images. This phenomenon is exploited by the technique of the Stéréoscopie.

For the man, like for many animals, the mechanisms of the vision differ according to the luminous intensity; thus, it is of use to distinguish the diurnal vision, or photopic vision , of the night vision, or scotopic vision , for the smoothness of this diurnal vision, one uses the term of Vision.