Visigoths

The Visigoths (in German Westgoten , or Goths of the West , or Tervinges ) were a Germanic Peuple of origin Scandinavian, resulting from the Sweden southernmost and tardily built-in the Roman Occident. After the official fall of the Western Roman Empire (476), the Visigoths continued during nearly 250 years playing a big role in Western Europe. It east can be the barbarian people the most prestigious of Europe, as well by its mythical long story and its origins, as by its traces which it left a long time in the spirits.

Whereas they occupied old the Roman Province of Dacie since the end of the 3rd century, the Visigoths adopted the Arianisme little by little, as from the year 341, i.e. a branch of the Christianisme which affirms that Jesus-Christ is not God, but a distinct being created directly by this last. This belief is in opposition with " the orthodoxie" Christian woman who will be majority in the Roman empire when the Visigoths settle there. The Visigoths remained faithful to the Hérésie arienne officially until in 589, when the king Récarède I {{er}} (in Spanish: Recaredo ) chooses to convert publicly, thus making officially join the wisigothic Catholic church to the kingdom of Spain. However, after this date, a strong party arien remained extremely active and influential, in particular in the nobility. It will be still question at the beginning of the 8th century in the last days of the kingdom.

History

See also: Great invasions

The Visigoths quoted by Pythéas after its forwarding in the Far North into -327, appeared for the first time in the Histoire as distinct people in the year 235, when they invaded and devastated the Dacie. Starting from 268, they attack the Roman Empire and try to settle in the peninsula of the Balkans. This invasion related to also the Roman provinces of Pannonia and Illyrie and threatened even the Italy. However, the Visigoths were beaten close to the modern borders of Italy and Slovenia and with the Bataille of Naissus, in September 269.

During three years following, they were pushed back beyond the the Danube by a series of military campaigns carried out by the emperor Claude II '' the Gothic '', the future emperor Aurélien being the commander of the Cavalerie. However, they could be maintained in Dacie, that Aurélien made evacuate in 271, transferring the population towards a new province created to the south from the the Danube under the name of Dacia Ripensis .

They remained there established until in 376, when one of their two chiefs, the arien Fritigern, called upon the Roman Emperor Valens and asked for the authorization to him of be able to be installed on the Southern banks of the the Danube, in order to protecting itself from the Huns, incompetents to cross in force this broad river.

Valens granted its permission and helped even the Visigoths to cross the Danube. In return, Fritigern had to provide Mercenaire S for the Roman army.

But, the following year, a famine burst on the grounds occupied by the Visigoths and the Roman governors their territories treated them cruelly. As Valens did not answer the calls using Fritigern, this one took the weapons. The war which followed finished the August 9th 378 at the time of the Bataille of Turkey-red cotton where Valens died. Fritigern, victorious, was recognized as king by his people and the Visigoths became the principal power of Balkans.

The successor of the emperor Valens, Théodose I {{er}}, concludes peace with Fritigern in 379. The treaty was respected until the death of Théodose in 395. This same year, Alaric I {{the er}}, most famous of kings Wisigoths, went up on the throne, whereas the Théodose emperor succeeded his two unable sons: Arcadius in the East and Honorius in Occident.

During fifteen years following the conflicts were intersected by years with a peace wavering between Alaric and the powerful Germanic generals who ordered the Roman armies.

But, after the assassination of the general of origin vandal Stilicon ( Stillicho ) by Honorius in 408 and after the massacre of the families of 30 000 soldiers Visigoths being useful in the Roman army, Alaric declared the war. It was soon with the doors of Rome, and in front of the refusal of Honorius to negotiate, the Visigoths plundered the city the August 24th 410. This event struck the spirits of the contemporaries considerably, and is, for certain, the event symbolic system marking the end of the Antiquité.

The kingdom Visigoth

Chronology

235 : Beginning of the invasions of the Goths, which devastate the Dacie.
258 : The Goths separate in Ostrogoths and Visigoths .
269 : Victoire on the Goths of the emperor Claude II (Claude the Gothic) with Naissus (Today, Niš, in Serbia).
332 : Ariaric, king of the Visigoths, launches an attack against the Sarmates of the plain, by the valley of Maros, but undergoes a total defeat vis-a-vis the Romans, run to the help of the Sarmates
341: The first Visigoths are converted with the Arianisme by the bishop Ulfila.
369 : The Roman Emperor Valens force the king of the Visigoths Athanaric to be moved back in the Serrorum Assemble (Carpates of South-east) and to accept a treaty which is unfavorable to him on the border of the the Danube.
370 : Birth of Alaric I {{er}}, future king of the Visigoths.
376 : The army wisigothe, directed by Athanaric is put in rout by the Huns at the accesses of the Dniestr. The Visigoths who have occupied part of the Dacie for 150 years, ask the Romains under the pressure of the Huns, to cross the low-Danube. The permission is granted. Athanaric takes refuge in the Caucalanda (Transylvania); the majority of the Visigoths, led by Fritigern, will settle in Roman territory.
378 : The emperor Valens east demolishes and killed by the Visigoths with Andrinople.
380 : Athanaric and its continuation takes refuge with Constantinople.
396 : Beginning of the reign of Alaric Ier, king of the Visigoths.
401 : The Visigoths invade the Italy.
402 : The Visigoths are beaten by the general Roman of origin vandal Stilicon and rejettés out of Italy.
402 : To escape the threat from the Visigoths, the imperial court is again moved of Milan to Ravenne, a site easier to defend.
410 : The Visigoths led by Alaric take and plunder Rome during three days. Death with the end of the year of Alaric close to Cosenza in Calabria, whereas he hoped to embark for the Sicily and to reach the Roman Africa. Buried with many richnesses in the bed of the Busento, which runs in Cosenza (legend of the Trésor of Alaric).
412 the Visigoths and their new king Athaulf, brother-in-law of Alaric, enter in Gaulle, ruined by the invasions of the years 407/409
416: The Visigoths and their king Wallia continue their invasion of Spain, where they are sent to the pay of Rome to fight others Barbares.
418 : The Visigoths there exterminate the tribe vandal Silings and kill their king Frédébal, the Alains, beat and push back the “Suèves” in Galicia, and the vandals Hasdings. The Visigoths obtain from Rome of the grounds in Aquitaine and the official statute of federate.
429 : Aetius, victorious of the Visigoths and the Francs is named ordering armies of the empire of Occident.
451 : Attila, king of Huns, invades Gaulle, but is beaten with the fields Catalauniques (close to Troyes), by the Romains, helped between-others by the Francs and the Visigoths of the old king Théodoric Ier, who finds death with the combat.
455 : Beginning of the reign of Avitus, Roman Emperor of Occident, carried to the capacity by the Visigoths (end in 456).
456 : The powerful king suève Réchiaire {{Ier}} east demolishes and killed by the Visigoths who start to have the upper hand on Spain.
468 : Victoire of the Visigoths on Suèves in Lusitanie (current Portugal) which becomes integral part of the " Worsen wisigothique".
475 : The Visigoths now control the South-west of the Gaulle and most of the Spain, except the kingdom suève of Galicia. The emperor Julius Nepos grants to Euric, large king of the Visigoths and enthusiastic arien, the legal concession of the grounds which it has conquered.
476 : Euric completes the conquest of the remainder of the South of Gaulle to the Italian border, establishes to with it its capacity and its authority on the Iberian peninsula is official after the deposition of the last emperor of Occident, Romulus Augustule by the barbarian chief Odoacre.
506 : The church of the Visigoths holds a synod and their king Alaric II tries a late bringing together with the catholic . Alaric II promulgates a code of laws for its subjects Gallo-Romans, the Bréviaire of Alaric, inspired of the Code of Théodose.
507 : Combined with Gondebaud, the king of the Burgondes, the frank king Clovis I {{er}} demolishes the Visigoths with Vouillé and keep silent Alaric II. The Visigoths are pushed back towards the Spain.
508 : Intervention as a Gaulle of the ostrogothic troops sent by the king Théodoric {{Ier}} which push back the armies burgondes and franques besieging the city of Arles and save the Visigoths of the extermination. The king Geisalic, elected by the army after the defeat of Vouillé, is driven out on order of Théodoric which installs its grandson Amalaric.
525 : Théodoric Large the imprisons the pope after his failure like mediator between the Visigoths and Byzance.
541 : The Francs attack the kingdom of the Visigoths in the North of Spain but are pushed back with Saragossa.
554 : Beginning of the reign of Athanagild {{Ier}} (fine in 567), supported by Byzance against its predecessor Agila {{Ier}}.
585 : The large king Léovigild completes the conquest of the kingdom of the “Suèves” in the North-West of Spain and makes a success of the union of the Iberian peninsula partly (regarded in Spain as first “Unificador National”).
586 : Death of Léovigild, last official king arien of the Visigoths, and beginning of the reign of its second wire Récarède I {{er}} (end in December 601).
587 : Récarède Ier announces its conversion with the Catholicisme.
589 : Récarède Ier imposes Catholicism on its subjects with the Concile of Tolède and puts thus fine officiellemnt at the Arianisme which is not tolerated any more in the kingdom wisigothic.
612 : Beginning of the reign of Sisebuth (fine in 621). First religious law against the persistent arianism.
654 : The king Recceswinth promulgates a code inspired of the Roman law instituting a total parity between his subjects ( Lex wisigothorum ).
672 : Death of Recceswinth, election of Wamba, the last large king Visigoth.
681 : The count Flavius Ervigius (Ervige), supplants Wamba and seizes the power.
687 : Beginning of the reign of the king Égica.
694 : Great persecutions against the Jewish of the South of the peninsula, considered to be accessory to the Moslem S of Africa of North.
709 : Deposition of the king Wittiza by Rodéric. Civil war.

List kings Visigoths

See too

Internal bonds

late Antiquity
Art Visigoth ( Art of the migrations )

; History of Goths

Goths - Kingdoms goths | Germanic Migrations

Ostrogoths - Kingdom ostrogoth
Visigoths - Kingdom Visigoth | Gothie

Simple: Visigoths

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