The vine ( Vitis will vinifera L.) is a Arbrisseau sarmentous of the family of the Vitacées (previously called Ampélidacées ), largely cultivated for its Fruit S in bunches, the Raisin, from which one draws the Vin. There exists about it innumerable variety S cultivated called Cépage S: Cabernet, chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot, Sauvignon, etc

It is a species cultivated since of unmemorable times in Europe, in the west of the Asia (the Middle East, the Caucasus) and the north of the Africa, but that one can find in a subspontané state, in particular in the south of the France. A planted ground of vine is called a Vignoble.

It was introduced into all the Continent S, and the Viticulture took importance in North America (California), South (Argentine, Chile), in Australia, South Africa and China. The vine growing occupies approximately 8 million hectares in the world and produces nearly 300 million hectolitres of wine.

Various species

The kind Vitis includes/understands very many Espèce S: One finds in particular in North America:

• Vitis labrusca , the American vine or Isabelle vine (in English fox bunch, of which grapes one a “foxé” taste little appreciated in Europe);
• Vitis riparia , the vine of the shores ( frost bunch);
• Vitis rupestris Scheele, the vine of the rocks ( sand bunch);
• Vitis berlandieri Planch.(or Vitis cinerea VAr. helleri ), the Spanish vine ( Spanish bunch).

Not very sensitive to the Phylloxéra, these vines, like their hybrids, is used either like Porte-greffe S, or by crossing with varieties of Vitis will vinifera in the form of producing hybrids (nonallowed in names). The grape of Vitis labrusca can be vinified but gives a foxé wine, whose taste points out the Framboise. A type of vine of this species, l" Isabelle" in Central Europe is sometimes cultivated, in particular in Suisse under the name of “large raspberry”. In the Far East, one finds:

• Vitis amurensis Rupr., the vine of the Love (river);
• Vitis coignetiae Pulliat ex Planch, vine of Japan;

who are not of interest for the vine growing. One also calls “vines” of other plants of the family of the Vitacées :

• the true vine-virgins, pertaining to the kind Parthenocissus ,
• vine-virgins connected, pertaining to the kinds Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis, Cissus , very close to the precedent and the kind Vitis

Étymologiquement, these names derive from the Greek ampelos ( ἄμπελος ), the vine, and cissos , the Lierre. Other plants, which vaguely approach the vine by the port, the shape of the sheets or the fruits, also bear in French the name of vine. Thus one calls:

• white vine, the Cucurbitaceous Bryone, Bryonia dioica Jacq., S;
• vine of Judaea, the Soft-bitter , Solanum will dulcamara L., Solanacée S;
• vine of North, the Hop, Hop lupulus L. Cannabinacée S;
• black vine, the Tamier, Tamus communis L., Dioscoréacée S;
• vine-white or distorts Vigne, the Clématite, Clematis vitalba L. Renonculacée S;
• vine of the Ida mount, the Bilberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Éricacée S.

Description

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