Villard de Honnecourt

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See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ----

Events

Towards 1250 av. J. - C., cookings of certain Chinese potters could reach the 1200°, which at this temperature made it possible to produce vitreous matter.

the age known as of the “fields of ballot boxes” is diffused through Western Europe.
Civilization lusacian in Poland (approximately 1300 -200 front J. - C.).
Calm and prosperity in Égée (fine of the {{XIVe}} - beginning of the 13th century.
Of the Éoliens come from Thessalie settles in Béotie (philistines).
Of the colonies mycéniennes is established with Thapsos, with broad of Syracuse, Scoglio del Tonno in the gulf of Tarente and with Ischia on the Tyrrhénienne coast.
the culture of Pantalica develops inside the grounds in Sicily.
Arrived legendary of the Lydie NS in Etrurie under the control of Tyrrhénos.

the Étrusques, which name them-even Rasenna , are known under the name of Tyrsenoi or “Tyrrhenian” by the Greeks and that of Etrusci or Tusci by the Romans. Hérodote (fifth century BC) tells that the Lydie NS, after 18 years of famines, during which they sought to mislead their hunger by inventing all kinds of plays (dice, ossicles), would have left their country to settle in Italy. Tyrrhénos, wire of the Lydian king and back grandson of Zeus would have given them their Greek name. Denys d' Halicarnasse (first century BC) leans for an Italian origin by the means of the Pélasges, people legendary of Hellenic origin arrived at the end of thousand-year-old IIe. Tite-Live allots a relationship with the to them Rhètes of the Alps.

the Aryens dominate the North-West of India to the river Sarasvatî.
Only one rajah is named in the Rig Veda, it acts of Sudâs, king of the Bharatas, a tribe established on the higher course of Sarasvatî. It is described like the winner of the coalition of ten kings, of which most powerful was Pûru. Thereafter a new tribe will take the control of Bharatas, Kurus.

Apogee of the kingdom of Élam, with Suse for capital.
the Araméen S, Semitic people announced as of by the files of Such el-Amarna then of Ougarit, settle in Mésopotamie North, Syria (Aram) and with the Lebanon.
the period of the 13th century at the year -1085 is known under the term of Nouvel Egyptian empire. It is one time of relative prosperity and the construction of the temples of Karnak, Louxor and Abou Simbel. The capital is always Thèbes.
Towards the end of the 13th century, the first group of Semites, income of Egypt, behind Brace, amalgamates with a second group come more recently from High-Mésopotamie, which takes also the Judaïsme like revealed religion, and they settle in current the the West Bank, which was a little populated area, from which they will radiate and be combined with other Semitic tribes of Galileo and Transjordanie.

has Ougarit, one discovered in a private library of the 13th century of the texts properly mésopotamiens, like the Poème of the suffering Juste , Babylonian version of the history of Job, of the texts of wisdom, a Babylonian version of the Flood and dictionaries bi- and trilingual (sumérien, akkadien, hittite and hourrite). Ougarit knows also myths and epopees which express the culture cananéenne: the poem of Baal, the Legend of Keret or the Legend of Danel, which introduce us into the literature and the religion and make it possible to better apprehend the medium in which were worked out the biblical texts.

the imports mycéniennes towards Raising culminate. A wreck found on the southern part of the Anatolia (Ulu Burun) contained copper ingots, tin, ivory, Syrian, Cypriot vases and mycéniens, pieces of ivory of elephant and hippopotamus.

the long lance becomes the principal weapon in Greece. The large rapières of duel are replaced by auxiliary scraping-knives.

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