Villa Tugendhat

The Villa Tugendhat , completed in 1927, is a villa located at Brno in Czechoslovakia (in current the Czech Republic). She is regarded as a chief of work of the German Architecte Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. It is most important and most beautiful functionalist construction in Czechoslovakia, classified since 2001 on the Liste of the world heritage of UNESCO. According to UNESCO, it is “a remarkable example of the international Style in the modern movement in architecture such as it developed in Europe during the Années 1920. ”

The villa

The villa is located in periphery of Brno () , on an inclined ground, which had in the beginning a sight on the city (it was parcelled out since). It has only one ground floor on street (it is the stage of service, with the rooms), the parts with living are located on the lower floor in ground floor.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe develops in the Tugendhat villa its design of the free Plan , in which spaces related to a function (dining room, office, living room, etc) are defined without being partitioned.

The structure is out of steel (the posts cruciform and are hooded out of stainless, as in the German house of the World Fair to Barcelona of 1929), which enables him to avoid the load-bearing walls and to distribute the house more freely. The materials are carefully selected the ground is in Travertin, the walls are plated out of invaluable wood (wood of lemon tree, ebony wood, etc), the wall which protects the office from the direct light of the garden consists of a remarkable monolith of onyx. The frontage on the garden is entirely glazed (to leave the interior with a maximum of light) with very large panes to reduce to the maximum the importance joineries. This glazed frontage can disappear completely in the ground.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe drew (as with its practice) all the movable (while going to the electric buttons), of which a part is bolted on the ground.

History

Built between 1929 and 1930 with Brno, Czech Republic, for Fritz Tugendhat and his wife Alfreda it quickly became an icon of the modern architecture.

Tugendhat (which was Jewish) fled when the threat which the country is invaded by the Nazi S became pressing. They leave for Switzerland, then for Venezuela, from where they never returned.

During the Second world war, the villa was occupied by the Germans who had installed there a research department of the factories Messerschmitt. After the German defeat, the villa was occupied by the Russians. During these occupations, the villa is plundered.

In 1955, the villa became the state-owned property which had placed there a center of rehabilitation for children.

In 1963, the Tugendhat villa was proclaimed cultural monument and underwent a restoration whose quality suffered from the cold war, indeed the supply invaluable wooden of the Brésil was rather complicated in Czechoslovakia, of the substitutes more or less convainquants were employed.

It was there that the Prime Ministers Czech and Slovak, Vaclav Klaus and Vladimir Meciar met to develop division Czechoslovakia in 1993.

Nowadays the house is accessible to the public, it shelters a museum, and the town hall of Brno organizes cultural and fashionable events there.

The Tugendhat villa is added to the Liste of the world heritage by UNESCO in December 2001, it is the eleventh historic building of Czech Republic. The subsidies of UNESCO must be used more accurately to restore the villa with the project of origin (in particular on the level of materials).

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External bonds

  • and Official site
  • Justification of inscription by UNESCO

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