Viktor Frankl

Viktor Frankl , born with Vienna the March 26th 1905 and deceased in Vienna the September 2nd 1997, was an Austrian professor of Neurologie and Psychiatrie. He is the creator of a news Thérapie which he baptizes: Logothérapie which takes into account the need for “direction” and the spiritual dimension of the person.

Biography

As of the fifteen years age, it corresponds with Sigmund Freud. In 1921, it gives its first conference on the topic: “Concerning the direction of the life” and becomes active member of the young socialist workers.

In 1925, medical student, it meets Freud personally all while approaching the circle of influence of Alfred Adler. The following year, it is excluded from the association of individual psychology because of its divergences with Adler. Of 1933 with 1936, it directs the “house of the suicidal women” of the psychiatric hospital of Vienna. When the Nazi S seize the power in Austria, he sabotages the received orders, with the risk of his life, in order to not euthanasier the mentally ills.

In 1942, its family is off-set and it will be to it itself in 1945 (interned with Auschwitz then in others camps). Released, he learns that his wife died of exhaustion to the release of the camp of Bergen-Belsen. During 25 years, he will be the director of the neurological polyclinic of Vienna.

In 1948, it obtains its doctorate of philosophy on the subject: “Unconscious God”. In 1955, he becomes professor at the university of Vienna. In 1970, with San Diego in California, the first institute of logothérapie in the world is founded. One finds today centers and associations of logothérapie in thirty countries. Its books are translated in 32 languages.

Doctrines

Its work is little known in France. The large dictionary of psychology (Larousse) is unaware of it. This founder of the logothérapie took his distances with Freud as for the sexual etiology of the Névrose S and on the problem of the Religion. He denounces this spirit of crusade which characterizes “the future of an illusion” by considering that the individual neurosis could be the expression of a refused religion.

For Frankl, there is at the human being a will of direction . He realizes that its patients do not suffer solely from Frustration S sexual (Freud) or from complex of inferiority (Adler) but also of a “existential vacuum ”. The Névrose reveals before a whole rough being of direction, which must result in thinking that the fundamental requirement of the man is neither sexual blooming, nor the valorization of oneself, but the plenitude of direction. The return to the sex is often only a substitute with a lack of direction. Consequently, the Thérapeute cannot ignore the spiritual and the logothérapie is not centered any more on the Pulsion S but on the spiritual Inconscient .

It reproaches the Psychanalyse and Freud to have in particular dispossessed the man of the Me to the profit of the that. In the unconscious God it declares: “By degrading it to me in simple epiphenomene, Freud so to speak betrayed it to me in favor of that; but at the same time it, if one can say, made insult with unconscious, seeing in him indeed only what is that, the instinctive one, while letting escape what is ego, the spiritual one. ” For Frankl, there is an ontological hiatus between the Instinct yew and the spiritual one. He regards the man as a trinary totality, namely: physics-psychic-spiritual. Freud omitted last dimension! For as much, Frankl does not seem to want to trust with any religion made up, with any Église. It returns each one to itself. By hustling some Préjugé S anchored well it could help the psychoanalysis to leave its dogmatic ruts while opening on other horizons. Should it be recalled that the two principal dissidents of Freud, Adler and Jung, separated from him because of its pansexualism!

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