Viga de Patrick

Biography

Paul Verlaine is before all the poet of theobscure ones. The use of the odd rates/rhythms, assonances, landscapes in half-tones confirms it, bringing closer even, for example, the universe of the Lovesongs without words of more impressionist great successes.

The family of Verlaine belongs to the lower middle class: his/her father, like that of Rimbaud, is captain in the army. His/her mother will keep a long time on the family chimney the bottles with the fetuses of her false-layers.

; Childhood Paul Verlaine is born in 1844 with 2 rue Haute-Pierre in Metz, of a father captain in the army like that of Rimbaud and Elisa-Stéphanie Dehée, native of Fampoux, in the Pas-de-Calais. With the wire of the garrisons, Verlaine settle in Montpellier in 1845 then again in Metz in 1848.

Paris of the childhood and the adolescence of Verlaine concentrates on Right Bank, more precisely on the district of Batignolles.

His/her parents arrive in the capital in 1850, when Mr. Verlaine obtains his retirement of the army. They move in 10 rue des Petites-Ecuries, then in the district of Batignolles located then in-outside capital and appreciated soldiers in retirement. His/her parents want to offer the best studies to Paul.

He goes to catechism street of Douai. Between 1853 and 1862, it is internal with the pension Landry, 32 rue Chaptal and goes soon daily to the college Bonaparte (today Condorcet), street Caumartin. The Verlaine parents move in 28 rue Truffaut in 1857, then 10 rue Nollet (called street Saint-Louis until 1864) in 1859 or 1860. After a good schooling, Paul discovers at 16 years Baudelaire and the wormwood.

1863: new emménagement, 45 rue Lemercier. Paul carries out a training course of accountancy at one named Savouret, street of the Suburb-Saint-Honore, and finds an employment in an insurance company. He makes a success of in May 1864 an administrative contest and starts to work with the town hall of the IX {{E}} district, street Drouot, then with the Town hall. He attends the living room of the marchioness of Ricard, 10 boulevard des Batignolles (and that of Nina de Callias, 17 rue Chaptal, as from 1868).

Verlaine settle 14 rue Lécluse in 1865, with two steps of the street Nollet. The review Art publishes in November a great article of Paul on Baudelaire. The Verlaine captain dies in December. Paul and his mother live of 1866 to 1870 on the 3rd floor of 26 rue Lécluse.

Street Lécluse, it returns visit in Mathilde Mauté in his/her future parents-in-law, 14 rue Nicolet. Mathilde inspires to him the Good Song .

Paul Verlaine makes his studies in Paris with the Lycée Condorcet, then, is employed with the Town hall. He attends the coffees and Parisian literary living rooms then, in 1866, collaborates in the first contemporary Parnassus and publishes the Poèmes saturniens . One feels there the influence of Baudelaire, however that already the “effort is announced there towards the Expression, towards the returned Feeling” which characterizes its best poetry. In 1869, the gallant Festivals , imaginations evoking the 18th century of Watteau, confirms this orientation. In 1870, it marries Mathilde Mauté, to which it has just dedicated the Good Song .

The following year, Verlaine takes makes and causes for the Commune of Paris, repressed in a blood bath by the government of Adolphe Thiers. Verlaine leaves Paris with his wife by fear of the reprisals, and it is only little of time after its return to Paris, whereas the young couple is placed in the parents of Mathilde, that Arthur Rimbaud emerges in its life and comes to upset it. Verlaine leaves his wife and leaves in company of the young poet for the England and the Belgium. It is during these voyages that he will write most of the collection Romances without words . In 1873, at the time of an argument in the residence of his/her mother in Brussels, it draws two blows from revolver in direction of Rimbaud and wounds it of a ball to the wrist. Although Verlaine immediately regrets until begging Rimbaud to kill it, this last takes fear when Verlaine precedes it in full street and that it carries its hand to its revolver. Rimbaud flees and denounces it with the police force. Although Rimbaud withdrew its complaint, he is condemned at the conclusion of a lawsuit reported by the press, at two years of prison, more because of sound Homosexualité, then condemnable, that incident. He purges them with Brussels and Mons. During her stay in prison, where it works out the matter of a collection which will never be born ( Cellulairement ), his wife obtains the judicial separation whose procedure had been launched since 1871. It is in prison that it converts with the Catholicisme, the mystical shortly after one night. From this conversion probably goes back the abandonment to Cellulairement and the idea of the collection Sagesse , which will profit, with Jadis and At one time (1884) and Parallèlement (1888), of most of the poems of the collection still-born child. To its exit, it goes again to England.

In 1883, it publishes in the review Lutèce the first series of the “cursed poets” (Stephan Mallarmé, Tristan Corbière, Arthur Rimbaud) which contributes to make known it. With Mallarmé, it is treated like a Master and a precursor by the poets of the symbolism and by the declining ones. In 1884, it publishes Jadis and At one time which marks its return on the literary apron, although the collection is primarily composed of poems former to 1874. The same year, in With Rebours , J. - K. Huysmans reserves to him a preeminent place in the literary Pantheon of Of Esseintes. In 1885, in the '' Déliquescences of Adored Floupette '', G. Vicar and H. Beauclair devote it semi-officially chief of school of the Declining ones. In 1886 it collaborates in the contemporary Revue of Edouard Rod. Starting from 1887, whereas its celebrity increases, it plunges in the blackest misery. The literary productions of its last years are purely food. At that time, it shares its time between the coffee and the hospital. In 1894, it is crowned “Prince of the Poets” and is equipped with a pension. Used prematurely, he dies in 1896, in Paris (at the 52 years age). The shortly after its burial, several daily newspapers report a curious event: in the night which followed funerals, the statue of Poetry, with the ridge of the Opéra, lost an arm which was crushed, with the quadrant which it supported, at the place where the hearse of Verlaine had just passed…

Initially, Paul Verlaine was buried in the 20th division of the Cimetière of Batignolles in Paris (a zone which is currently below the ring road). In 1989, its tomb was transferred in the 11th division, in first line of the central roundabout.

Work

Jean-Pierre Richard defined Verlaine as being the poet of the insipidity, of the undecided impressions, dreaming of a poetry which would be a discrete and soft song. Its work was looked at primarily in the light of its poetic Art , composed as of 1874 but published in 1884, which seems to summarize and theorize the movement Symbolist, which already takes its rise since ten years:

Of the music first of all,

and for this reason prefers Odd the

Plus vague and more soluble in the air,

Without anything in him which weighs or which poses.

Remain that this original aspect of the work of Verlaine should not mask complexity of it: shared all its life between the dream and the action, the marginality and inclinations middle-class, it leaves as a will a poem entitled Mort! where last once this tugging states:

Weapons, vibrate! admirable hands, take them,

Mains scélérates with defects of the admirable ones!

thus Take and done them sign with In-gone the

In the fables more dubious than sands.

from the dream our exodus, do you want Draw?

We will die to be thus languides, almost infamous!

Weapons, speak! Your orders will be for us

the life finally flowered with the end, if it is necessary, of the blades.

Works

Poetries

Poems saturniens (1866)
the Friends (1867)
gallant Festivals (1869)
the Good Song (1870)
Lovesongs without words (1874)
Wisdom (1880)
Formerly and at one time (1884)
Love (1888)
In parallel (1889)
Dedications (1890)
Women (1890)
After three years (1865)

Hombres (1891)

Happiness (1891)

Songs for it (1891)

intimate Liturgies (1892)

Elegies (1893)

Odes in its honor (1893)

In the limbs (1894)

Epigrams (1894)

Flesh (1896)

Invectives (1896)

Biblio-sonnets (1913)

forgotten Works (1926-1929)

Proses

cursed Poets (1884)
Louise Leclercq (1886)
memories of a widower (1886)
My hospitals (1891)
My prisons (1893)
Fifteen days in Holland (1893)
Twenty-seven biographies of poets and literary men (published in " Men of aujourd'hui")
Confessions (1895)
Lovesongs without words , followed Cellulairement

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