Video with the request

The video with the request ( VàD ) or video on request ( VsD ) of English Video one Demand ( VoD ) is a technique of diffusion of numerical video contents bidirectional (interactive) offered or sold by the cable networks, like Internet, or the networks not cables, like telephony 3G.

The video with the request very develops since the beginning of the years 2000 following the explosion of the access high banc suggested to the private individuals. Its principle based on a diffusion Unicast, is a logical evolution of technologies Broadcast, style Pay-Per-View (" TV with the carte"). More flexible for the customers, who free themselves from the schedules of diffusion, this technology is n the other hand greedier in resources network. This explains why its development is closely related to the increase in the Band-width of the networks.

Description

Using a numerical decoder or of a computer of the type PC, the user can order Film S or television programs which are stored on waiters. The user has a time of hiring predetermined (generally 24 hours) for film or the emission which it ordered and using his remote control it has the same functions as a Magnétoscope, in particular the pause, the advance or the fast retreat.

These contents are generally paying, invoicees with the unit or by the means of fixed prices.

For example, a commercial site of VoD makes it possible to rent where to buy vidéos like cartoons, films of cinema as well as contents known as “  adultes  ” for a major public.

These services are known as “  immatériels  ” and are governed in France by the articles L. 111 - 1, L .113-3 and L. 121-18 and following of the Code of consumption and in articles 1369-1 and 1369-2 of the Civil code.

Technique

The use of video to the request can be done on any system which can reach streaming video and to visualize it. At the origin accessible only by computers of the type PC, one assists with the beginning of the 21e century with the multiplication of specialized tools acceptor this type of service:
  • the Media Center, which are systems multi-media of living room intended to gather the various already existing systems: reader DVD, decoder/hertzian tuner/sat, reader MP3, digital video recorder. They have the characteristics of the multi-media PC, with more ergonomics.
  • the compatible telephones 3G, which are hybrids between a traditional telephone and a PDA: access to the high speed networks (like UMTS in Europe), “large” screen, access Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/WLAN for connection to Internet and peripherals multi-media, Operating system supporting readers multi-media.
  • the game consoles of seventh generation, which adapt to obtain the functionalities of a Media Center: XBox 360, Wii, PlayStation 3 are examples.

At the applicatif level software, a certain multi-media number of paying or free readers exist, according to the operating system, and of the required functionalities. One of the characteristics important is the numerical Gestion of the rights (or DRM for DIGITAL Right Management): within the framework of nonfree contents of rights, this system associated with readers such as the Reader Windows Media or Lecteur Divx Player makes it possible to guarantee the respect of the copyright. This system functions with formats of digitalization and encoding owners such as Windows Media Video or DivX. This system can make it possible for example to limit the copy or the visionnage on several machines, and is used by the organizations of diffusion of contents paying (for example the codec DivX is used by INA in France).

Concerning the methods of diffusion, one can distinguish two operating processes:

  • mode sweater : the system of visionnage reads a video stream on a distant waiter, it is what is called also the streaming.

  • mode push : the remote loading of the video document is carried out on a memory support (Hard drive).

Market

According to a study published by the European Observatoire of audio-visual the, 142 services of VoD paying were operational in Europe, at the end of 2006.

According to a study NPA the Council published in December 2006, the VOD should represent 339 million euros in 2011, (against 16.9 million in 2006) including 334 million for the VOD on TV by ADSL.

The main actors of VOD are the suppliers of access Internet, the television channels, the Web-merchants of cultural products and some independent or institutional platforms like INA in France.

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • DMOZ - sites proposing of Video One Demand

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