The vertebrate form a Sous-embranchement Animal kingdom. This taxon, which in its modern version excludes the Myxine S, is regarded as Monophylétique. It belongs to the junction of the Chordés, themselves a taxon of the Deutérostomien S.

Description

The most intuitive characteristic of vertebrate is that they have a Squelette Os seux or cartilagineux intern, who comprises in particular a Spinal column, made up of Vertèbre S which protects the troncale part of the central nervous system.

The traditional classification of vertebrate was strongly put at evil by the systematic phylogenetic one. The classes of osseous fish and the reptiles appeared artificial.

The oldest known fossils are dated from Cambrien, 530 million years ago. The current distribution is world and relates to all the habitats; the group contains about: 50000 species, of extremely varied size, energy of gigantic the Blue whale (30  m, for a weight bordering the 190  tons), until tiny the Schindleria brevipinguis (7  mm for a weight of 1  Mg!), the most important groups (of number) being actinoptérygiens (fish with radiated fins: 23000 species) and sauropsides (“reptiles” and birds: 17000 species).

Distinction between vertebrate and Invertebrate S.A. initiated by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.

Anatomical homology

Vertebrate the tétrapodes (4 legs) has same basic architecture with forelimbs and posterior, which means that they go down from a common ancestor (reptilien and previously Amphibien).

The belt scapular, made up of the Clavicle and the Scapula, allows the insertion of the forelimbs. The pelvic belt, it, allows the insertion of the rear limbs.

Phylogeny

• Craniates

• Myxinoïdes (Myxine S)
• Vertebrate
• Pétromyzontides (Lamprey S)
• Gnathostomes (vertebrate with jaws)
• Chondrichthyens (or cartilagineux fish)
• Ostéichthyens (osseous fish)
• Actinoptérygiens (fish with/>rayonnées fins
• Sarcoptérygiens (fish with fins
  charnues and vertebrate with legs)
• Actinistiens (Coelacanth)
• Rhipidistiens
• Dipneustes
• Tétrapodes
• Lissamphibien S (Batrachians and Gymnophiones)
• Amniotes
• Sauropsides
• Anapsides or Chéloniens (tortoises)
• Diapsides
• Lépidosauriens
• Squamates (lizards
  et snakes)
• Sphénodontiens
• Archosauriens (
  également the dinosaurs include)
• Crocodiliens
• Oiseaux
• Synapside S
• Mammalian

See too

Internal bonds

• Phylogenesis of the evolution.

References

Simple: Vertebrate Zh-min-nan: Chek-chui tōng-bu̍t

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