Verkhoïansk (in Russian, Верхоя́нск ) is a small town of Iakoutie, in the North-East of the Siberia, in Russia, on the river Yana, close to the Arctic Cercle, to 675 km of Iakoutsk, and with 133 meters of altitude. Its coordinates are. One finds there in particular a port, an airport, a deposit of furs, and a center of breeding of reindeers. The population is estimated at 1  800 inhabitants.

A founded colony Cosaque in 1638 is at the origin of Verkhoïansk, to 90 km in the south-west of the current city. In 1775, it was moved on left bank of the Yana, in order to facilitate the collection of the taxes. Verkhoïansk accepted the statute of city in 1817. Between the years 1860 and 1917, it was a political place of exile.

Verkhoïansk is in one of the most cold places of the northern hemisphere. It is considered that it constitutes with Oïmiakon the cold Pôle of north, with average temperatures of -50ºC in January, and an annual average of -17ºC. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth (except the Antarctic) was it in Verkhoïansk the February 7th 1892, with -67,8ºC. The annual variation of temperature reaches 105°C then: of -68°C in winter with 37°C in summer.

In this area, one meets another exceptional phenomenon: " lakes of cold " are formed in winter, which means that the temperature increases with altitude.