Venutius

Venutius was a King Brigantes in the north of the island of Brittany during and the Roman invasions. Some propose that it can have been a member of the Celtic tribe Carvetii, which then formed probably part of the confederation brigante.

It was made known initially as husband of Cartimandua, queen of Brigantes, around the year 51. He flees in north after the brittonic defeat of the chief Caratacus by Publius Ostorius Scapula in Wales, but his wife gave it to the Romans. In spite of the fact that Brigantes were nominally an independent kingdom, Tacite will write that Cartimandua and Venutius will be faithful to the Empire, defended by the Roman capacity .

However, after the capture of Caratacus, Venutius became the most important chief of resistance against the Roman occupation. Cartimandua had been apparently wearied of him, it Maria with the carrier of armor of Venutius, Vellocatus, which it made make king in his place. Initially it only tried to reverse its ex-wife, to end up paying attention to those which protected it, the Romans. Those, under the officer Caesius Nasica, beat the forces brigantes during the functions of governor of Aulus Didius Gallus (52-57 a.J. - C.).

Benefitting from the instability of the Empire during the Year of the four emperors, Venutius still revolted in year 69. Cartimandua required more troops of the Romans, who could only send auxiliaries. Cartimandua was evacuated and Venutius took the kingdom.

This second revolt could have broader repercussions: Tacit said that Vespasien, formerly emperor, had to recover the island of Brittany. He also says that Brittany was abandoned having hardly been subjected to the Roman capacity (but some think that this refers to the consolidation of the posterior conquests of Agricola in Scotland).

One does not know what occurred with Venutius after the accession from Vespasien. Quintus Petillius Cerialis (governor from 71 to 74) made campaigns against Brigantes, but they were subjected only after long decades. Agricola (governor from 78 to 84), appears to have fought in territory brigante; the Roman Poet Juvénal and the Géographe Pausanias speak about wars carried out against Brigantes in first half of.

See too

References

Tacit, Yearly , 12:36, Tacit 12:40
, Stories , 1:2, Tacit 3:45
, Agricola , 17,20
Juvénal, Satires , 14.196
Pausanias, Description of Greece , 8.43.4

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