Vandeness
Vandenesse is a common French, located in the department of the Nievre and the area Burgundy.
Geography
Vandeness is located at the southern end of the depression of the Bazois and at the west of the mounts of Morvan (spelled until the beginning of the 20th century `Morvand' and meaning covered “black mountain” because of forests). The geographical position of the place of the borough (altitude 220 m) is in degrees, minutes and seconds: 46°54' 46" North, 03°45' 40" Is, this in coordinates WGS84 (World Geographic System 1984). The borough is located on Right Bank of Dragne and with a score of meters higher than the course of the river.
The common one has a surface of 3.250 ha, altitude varies 202m (confluent of Dragne with Aron) to 268 m (southern limit of the commune on the road of Rémilly) and to 259 m (northern limit on the road of Mills).
Communications
Vandeness, from its situation, had the advantage of having three means of transport: the road (very old), the channel, the railway.
Roads
Vandeness is located on the passage of a very old road energy of Decize (Gallo-Roman city mentioned by Jules César) at Mills-Engilbert (via Commagny and its priory) and at Castle-Chinon. This way of passage is in extreme cases southern of the broad depression of Bazois, in western edge of the solid mass of the Morvan and in the east of the hills of the Nivernais. It is mentioned on famous the chart of Cassini dating from the 18th century. This road crossed the borough in its totality. It did not pass to the bottom of the valley of Aron but to avoid the frequent floods in winter, it was traced with hillside.
This way, Decize Castle-Chinon with the height of Cercy, did not use its current layout because it crossed the Alène river to two km upstream of the current bridge by a ford (known as `Gallo-Roman') between the village (become hamlet) of Codes and that of Couëron.
All these ways are by no means empierrées, the only road empierrée in the vicinity is the royal road connecting Moulins (in Bourbonnais) to Autun. The animal haulage was carried out by oxen of local race (of Morvan) or of race Salers (Mauriac) or limousine, the latter was appreciated by its aptitude for work. The race “charolaise” appeared in Bazois only towards 1840. The crossing of the rivers was carried out only with stone bridges that as from the 19th century, before that was done by means of fords.
Channel
March 1st 1841, the channel of the Resident of Nevers, 174 km length of Auxerre to Saint-Leger-of-Vines (Decize), begun in 1784, is inaugurated and brought into service in its totality. It was created with a principal aim of transporting wood towards Paris by the valley of the Yonne. This channel of the Resident of Nevers is one of the three channels connecting the basin of the the Seine to that of the the Loire (channels of Briare (1642), of Orleans (1692) and of the Resident of Nevers). It is connected to Decize with the side channel of the Loire (built 1827 with 1838). The gauge of the channel of the Resident of Nevers is the gauge Becquey, slightly smaller than Freycinet, traditional gauge of the French channels. This channel of the Resident of Nevers follows the valley of Aron (length of this river 68 km) on its Right Bank, on the side where the number of affluents to be crossed is less.
Railroads
In 1866, the railway (company PLM) coming from Nevers reached Cercy-the-Turn (to eleven km of the borough of Vandenesse), it was then possible to join by modern means of transport Nevers to 52 km (reached by the rail in 1850 via Saincaize), Bourges (1847), Moulins (1853) and Paris (station of Lyon) via Gien (1861) to 253 km. The following year, in 1867, the railway is prolonged between Cercy and Chagny (1849) via Creusot, which gave access Dijon and Lyon.
June 24th 1878 is brought into service the line passing at Vandenessse of 84 km at single track Cercy-Clamecy (1870) making it possible to join Auxerre and Paris (by Laroche-Migennes). The station of Vandenesse-Saint Honore is then to 301 km of Paris via Auxerre against 314 via Nevers.
In 1884 was brought into service the line of 43 km at single track of Cercy at the Gilly-on-Loire, being connected to that of Mills (Allier) with Paray-le-Monial, which made it possible to join the thermal city of Bourbon-Lancy and Roanne.
September 9th 1889 is brought into service the radial line of 23 km at single track Tamnay-Castle-Chinon. Vandeness is then connected to its sub-prefecture. Of 1904 with 1936 a railroad to metric gauge track (departmental control of Saône-et-Loire) of 50 km connected Castle-Chinon to Autun. All these single-track lines are with bus traffic, i.e. the trains stopped in all the stations.
Before the First World War, there are three Cercy-Clamecy return tickets per day and a return ticket Cercy-Castle-Chinon.
Between the two world wars, through carriages (without change) were brought into service between Paris and Cercy via Auxerre, with stop with Vandenesse what made it possible to the curists to easily join the thermal spa of Saint-Honore-the-Baths.
The service traveller by railway finished on October 5th 1952 on the line passing with Vandenesse. The passenger traffic was then transferred by seeing road (coaches of the Ligonie company).
Nevertheless, this railway line remains open in its totality of its course (what is now rare in France) for the service goods thanks to the important porphyry career of Picampoix to Sardy-lès-Épiry which provides ballast to railway lines (in construction such lines TGV or existing in renewal of ballast) and to highways in construction. Porphyry is an eruptive rock of remarkable red color by its hardness, from where its employment in the ballast of railways (example: Channel tunnel) and of highways. Notice that the asphalt roads of the area are of color reddish. Let us announce to finish that Épiry is located almost at the watershed Atlantique/Manche, and was during 21 years, of March 1660 in spring 1681, the residence of Sebastien Prestre (become Marshal of France under the name of Vauban).
VDS
A line VDS is envisaged in 2008.
Pluviometry
A study was made in Vandenesse over thirty years (of 1951 to 1980) in average pluviometry per month and of monthly number of days of rain (by not taking account of the days when total precipitation day laborer is lower than a mm). Snow-covered precipitations are converted into mm of water knowing that one cm of fresh snow corresponds to 0,8 mm of water. What gives for Vandenesse: January: 60 mm, 12 days/February: 60 mm, 11 days/Mars: 60 mm 10 days/April: 50 mm 9 days/May: 80 mm 11 days/June: 70 mm 9 days/July: 50 mm 8 days/August: 80 mm 9 days/September: 70 mm 8 days/October: 70 mm 9 days/November: 70 mm 11jours/December: 70 mm 12 days. Total: 790 mm over 119 days of rain per annum . The national average in France east of 900 mm per annum for 120 days rainy.
What let us can say these figures? a regular precipitation, with two months drier: April and July. If July appears obvious, one could be astonished by April. The reason is simple: at that time of the year, Western Europe east under the influence of an anticyclone (high pressures) centered on Ireland. As the winds turn in the Northern hemisphere around an anticyclone in the direction of the needles of a watch, the winds in April come from the North-East, therefore the mass of air is dry and continental, giving the night a clear sky, from where early morning frosts. This phenomenon is general for most of France, in the North-West of a line Bordeaux Strasbourg. Let us notice an increase in precipitations in August, passing to 80 mm (like May, which are one month rainy): this is due to the storms of this summer month. September with eight days of rain is one month drier.
In the north of Vandenesse, the central area of Bazois is sprinkled: 950 mm over 125 days: the number of days of rain is hardly more important, but pluviometry increases by 160 Misters the depression of going Bazois of Mills-Engilbert in the north of Corbigny is wedged between the hills of the Resident of Nevers in the west and Morvan in the east. Moisture coming from the west (of L `ocean) condenses initially on these hills then again more strongly with the approach of Morvan: one has a phenomenon of synergy (amplification) which disappears only in April by mode from winds of the North-East since one is then under the wind of the solid mass of Morvan. With the result that in April, central Bazois is not sprinkled more than Vandenesse.
With regard to High Morvan, we obtain per annum important values of 1450 mm with 145 days of rain. The part of the department of the driest Nievre goes from the south of Cercy-the-Turn to St-Pierre-the-Moutier with 550 mm and 115 days of rain. The explanation is easy because this zone is well off any relief of hills or mountains, in the west as in the east. The importance of the influence of Morvan on pluviometry is thus paramount: on a short distance of 30 km (of Cercy with Castle-Chinon), pluviometry passes from simple to triple . The small Dragne river which passes to Vandenesse and which takes its source with a score of kilometers at the same place (Préneley Mount) that Yonne (but on other side of the slope) always has a significant flow. Let us notice that the Préneley mount is the southernmost part of the basin of water of the English Channel.
History
Vandeness comes from the Gallic name “vindo”. Vindo (one of only the 150 words which reached us of the Gallic language) means `clearly' and that evokes the idea of water and brooks, or this name comes it from a regional Gallic goddess “Vindenossa” (even origin of this name: vindo). The name of Vandenesse is found only in the Burgundy: Vandenesse-in-Auxois (Coast-D' Gold), Vendenesse-on-Arroux and Vendenesse-lès-Charolles (Saône-et-Loire).
The village is set up in parish (“Vendenossa”) in 1032 per Hugues de Champallement, originating in the Nevers-native village éponyme, bishop of Nevers of 1013 with 1065.
The castle
The existence of the fortress (strengthened keep) belongs to the family of Nourry (or Norry, or Nourry); the known first, Hughes de Nourry (death in 1351) married to a lady of Vandenessse whose name is Boccard, having one of wire, Pierre Norry (groom in 1356, died in 1375) lord of Vandenesse. All lets suppose that the name Norry comes from the hamlet of Nourry to two km upstream of the borough of Vandenesse. Pierre has as wire Etienne de Norry (1337-1443) which even has to him as a Jeanne girl (born ~1410) who Marie (~1437) with the Limousin Louis Rogier-of-Beaufort, marquis de Canillac (~1400~1464). Let us note that the house of Canillac was melted in 1345 in the Rogier-of-Beaufort house and that in addition, Rogier-of-Beaufort is written sometimes in the Roger-of-Beaufort handbooks.
The Rogier-of-Beaufort family is famous, it gave two popes: Clement VII (1342-1352) and Gregoire (1370-1378). Rogier-of-Beaufort were Viscounts of Turenne in the low-Limousin.
From this marriage (~1437) are born three children: the elder one, Isabeau (born ~1438) which Marie in 1459 in Jean de Montboissier (from where a descent Montboisier-Beaufort-Canillac ), Anne and Jacques. Thus the baronnie of Montboissier took a considerable importance after its alliance in 1459 with the house of Beaufort-Caniilac.
Contrary to the other fortified towns of the surroundings (Mills-Engilbert, Cercy-the-Turn) which was built at the tops of hills, the castle of Vandenesse was built in the content of the valley of Dragne, because its defense was based on ditches surrounded by water.
The seigneurery is bought with the family Beaufort-Canillac at the end of the 15th century by the powerful family of Chabannes , family of men of war of the Limousin. This family was originating in the castle of Charlus (with the alt 660m, now disappeared) dominating the valley of Diège (common of St-Exupéry-the-rocks, Corrèze, to eight km of Custom). One finds Ebles de Chabannes, killed with the battle of Crécy in 1346. Its Hubert grandson is killed with the battle of Azincourt in 1415. This Robert had several children, whose Jacques (the first) and celebrates it Antoine. Both were companions of Jeanne d' Arc. Antoine (St-Exupéry 1408 - Paris 1488) was the chief of a band of flayers (armed bands devastating France) then assagit and pousuivit its life as governor of Paris. Jacques (first) decided to emigrate in Bourbonnais, valley of Bresbe, while repurchasing with the duke of Bourbon in 1430 the castle of Lapalisse (To combine). This Jacques (first) had like grandchildren Jacques (the second) (1470-1525), lord of Palice, who became Marshal of France and was killed with the battle of Pavia in 1525, and Jean, killed in April 1524 which became the lord of Vandenesse. The seigneurery of Vandenesse passed then to Charles, wire of Jacques (Marshal of France) and thus nephew of Jean. Charles was also the lord of Lapalisse, of Montaigu (le-Blin), of Châtel-the-Perron, Chizelles, Dompierre, all these seigneureries were located in the area of Bresbe. This family of Chabannes radically transformed the strengthened house of Vandenesse into a powerful castle. The seigneurery passes then in heritage to the one of the children of Charles, his Suzanne daughter who Marie in 1567 with Jean Olivier .
The Olivier family, of origin commoner: at the beginning there is Jacques, native of Bourgneuf (Charente-Martitime) which left to Paris in 1466 to try its chance like legal profession. He married Jeanne, girl of Etienne de Noviant, Procureur of the King, who brings the Neuville-on-Barley ground to him (the Essonne) and became itself Procureur of the King. His/her son Jacques Olivier becomes First President at the Parliament in 1517, and dies in 1517. The son of the precedent, celebrates it François Olivier (Paris 1487 - Amboise 1560) became Chancelier of France (Minister for Justice) of 1545 to 1560. The oldest son of the Chancellor, Jean (deceased in 1597), married in 1567 Suzanne de Chabannes which brought the ground of Vandenesse to him. The Olivier family builds a castle with Leuville-on-Barley which was destroyed with the Revolution. The ground of Leuville was set up later on in marquisat.
In 1570 the troops of the Admiral de Coligny penetrate in the area of Bazois and the engagements between catholics and Protestants make rage. The church of the 12th century is burned and the damaged castle. The parishes of Morvan (and thus of this fact isolated) remained with the variation of the disorders of this time. In 1663, the ground of Vandenesse is set up in marquisat by the king Louis {{XIV}}.
At the 18th century, the marquisat of Vandenesse remains in possession (of wire father) of Olivier-DeFiennes-Dubois: Jean (his mother born of Chabannes) died in 1641, Louis (wire of preceding) died in 1663, and we arrive at Louis-Thomas Olivier-of-Fiennes, marquis de Leuville, large baillif de Touraine, Lieutenant-General of the Armies of the King who died into Bohemian in 1741 at the time of the war of succession of Austria where a French Army ordered by the Marshal of Beautiful-Isle ventured in Bohemia. His/her son who succeeded to him killed in war in Italy.
The marquisat thus returned to Charles-Léonard de Baylens, marquis de Poyanne (Dax 1718-Vendôme 1781) (Poyanne is the name of a locality in the Moors) from its marriage in 1745 with the Castle of Versailles with Charlotte-Louise Olivier-Dubois-deFiennes (1726-1761). The marquis de Poyanne was large baillif de Touraine (succeeding his/her father-in-law deceased), senior officer of cavalry.
The bell known as “Vincent” always places in the church of Neuvy-the-King (Indre-et-Loire), melted in 1755, mentions from there the inscription of the godfather of this bell, the “marquis de Poyanne, of Castelnau and Vandenesse”.
The writer tourangeau Honore de Balzac used for one of his heroes of novels (the Lily in the Valley, 1836) the name of Vandenesse which passed thus forever in the French literature.
One as of his/her two daughters, the junior, Marie-Charlotte-Rosalie de Baylens (1760-1828) wife in 1778 Hélie-Charles de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754-1829), prince de Chalais, and brings the marquisat of Vandenesse to him.
With the Revolution, the castle of Vandenesse becomes a national good and its purchaser cut down in 1796 of it the north-western half.
At the 19th century, Hélie-Louis de Talleyrand-Périgord, (the last) prince de Chalais (1809 - 1883 ), is owner of the field. He marries in 1832 Victorine-Elodie of Beauvilliers , girl of Marie-Paul (1766-1811) duke of St-Aignan (St-Aignan-on-Expensive, Loir-et-Cher), deceased in layers in 1834. To note that the sister of Marie-Paul, Colette-Marie married Antoine, marquis of the Rock-Aymon. Hélie-Louis made build the new church (Saturnin Saint) of the village (on the place of the borough): beginning of work: July 4th 1858, inauguration on October 1st 1859. The old church, dating from the 12th century, (currently with 2, rue du ford), was transformed into dwelling.
In 1883, the castle and their fields, pass to Charles, count de Mérode-Westerloo, without descent, having married Marie-Nicolette, girl of Alix-Marie, older sister of Hélie-Louis. Since 1909 the possession passed to the family of the Rock-Aymon . The Rock-Aymon, originating in Walk in the Limousin and from which the nobility dates from the year 1179, are also owners of the castle of Saint-Aignan-on-Expensive (Loir-et-Cher), historical cradle of Beauvilliers.
Activities
Vandeness is the commune of the canton of Mills-Engilbert which knew the strongest nonagricultural economic activity. Thus the village has, in 1723, a glassmaking and, at the 18th century, careers (of which that in the north of the hamlet of Mousseau on the road of the field of the Compost, which allowed the construction of many houses), of the mines, of the forging mills, a metallurgy furnace, a fuller, an oil mill and mills, a convent of nuns (Dominican of the Campaigns) closed about 1970.
The population rises with 1303 inhabitants in 1870, in 1892: 1261 inhabitants (including 629 in the borough even, 152 in the hamlet of Mousseau, 81 in the hamlet of the Hulls, 77 in the hamlet of Nourry). In 1892 we have 377 voters (male).
We have the public schools (layman) boys and girls (the latter since 1907), a private school (religious) girls (sisters of Charity), a collecting office for the communes of Vandenesse, St-Honore, Isenay, Montaron, a welfare office (one now says `office of social security'), a post office with telegraph with 14, route de Cercy. The fairs were on February 25th, the Easter Monday, on September 14th and last Thursday/Sunday of November, famous day of the “Saint-Andrew”, owner of the village and owner of Burgundy. The market took place each Friday.
At the end of the 19th century, the commune turns primarily to agriculture and the breeding. During the 20th century, the industrial activities and artisanal stop, the village is depopulated.
There was in Vandenesse:
- of the charcoal with profusion coming from the many surrounding forests,
- of the ferruginous oolite careers giving of iron (on the road of Saint-Honore, in Pouligny (commune of Montaron), in Isenay, Vernay (commune of Sémelay),
- of feldspar coming from a career with Wet close to the hamlet of Queudre, three km in the east of Saint-Honore in the granitic solid mass of the Morvan and which made it possible to obtain glass and ceramics, clay and water in abundance.
A second furnace was created by Hélie-Augustin de Talleyrand-Périgord (1788-1879) prince de Chalais in 1805 on the dam of the artificial pond of Goats (on the road of Rémilly). What caused the animosity of the owner of the `furnace' of the bridge on Dragne. It was closed in 1854 and is still visible in the dam of the pond of Goat. An attempt at installation of an hydroelectric station was established at the beginning of the 20th century with the pond of Goats with installation of cement posts to bring electricity in three-phase current on the five km separating the factory from the borough.
Electricity arrived in the years 1920, running water and the sewers at the beginning of 1965.
Administration
Demography
Places and monuments
Personalities related to the commune
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of Talleyrand-Périgord, lords of Vandenesse of 1781 with 1883 (that is to say 102 years) out of three generations, whose Hélie-Louis (last) prince de Chalais, (1809 - 1883 ), without direct descendant and thus die out the direct line male connects elder this famous family and the title of Prince de Chalais . Let us announce that the oldest sons of the direct branch always carried in first first name that of the founder, Hélie, as well as the title of “Prince de Chalais”. It bequeaths to its death all its direct goods obtained of its ancestors: the castle of Chalais at the hospital of this city to create there an old people's home like all its fields (more than 600 ha) and various castles of the area of Périgord and moreover a sum of: 100000 gold francs.
This town of Chalais (Charente) was the cradle of the family of Talleyrand-Périgord of 1277 with 1883, and this when the single Agnès heiress, girl of Olivier, lord of Chalais, married in 1277 Hélie de Talleyrand, lord of Grignols (the Dordogne). Let us announce that the castle of Chalais, with the hands of the Gascons combined to the English, was taken by Jacques (the first) of Chabannes at the end of June 1453, on the way towards the battle of Castillon which marked the end of the Guerre One hundred Year old.
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Guillaume Thole pin (born with Mills-Engilbert in 1735, died in 1805), cleaned village of Vandenesse then elected bishop constitutional of Nievre in 1791 and which will remain there until the Concordat 1801 where the diocese of Nevers was attached (until 1823) to that of Autun lately created, and also elected President of the Directory (General advice) of Nievre in 1792.
See too
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Common of Nievre
External bonds
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Vandenesse on the site of the national geographical Institute
- Vandenesse on the site of INSEE
- Vandenesse on the site of Quid
- Localization of Vandenesse on a chart of France and communes bordering
- Plane on Vandenesse on Mapquest
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