The vanadium is a chemical element, of symbol V and Atomic number 23.
It is a rare, soft and ductile metal. One finds it in certain ores and is mainly used in the Alliage S.
Notable characteristics
Vanadium is a metal white, shining, slackness and ductile. It has a good corrosion resistance by the alkaline compounds, like with hydrochloric acids and sulphuric. It oxidizes quickly to approximately 933 K. vanadium has a good force structural as well as weak a cross Section of interaction with the fission neutrons, which makes it useful in the nuclear applications. It is a metal which shows at the same time characteristics acid and basic.
The common states of oxidation of vanadium are +2, +3, +4 and +5. A popular experiment made by reducing ammonium vanadate with metal Zinc makes it possible to show by calorimetry the four states of oxidation of vanadium. A state of oxidation +1 exists but is more rarely met.
Uses
Approximately 80% of produced vanadium are used in ferrovanadium and like additive in steel. Other uses:
-
the Vanadium pentoxide () is used in the Céramique S and like catalyst; it is also one of gases responsible for the hot Corrosion (fluxing).
- vanadium is used to store electrical energy in Batteries with flows, still little spread and under development (2007).
- vanadium is used in certain stainless steel alloy such as for example for surgical steel.
- Mixed with the Aluminum and the Titane one uses it in the manufacture of the engines of jet.
- Of composed of vanadium is used like Catalyseur for the synthesis of the sulphuric Acid or anhydrous maleic.
History
The name vanadium comes from Vanadis , “Dís of Vanir”, another name of Freyja, Scandinavian goddess of the beauty, because this one presents very coloured chemical compounds. He was discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río a Spanish mineralogist with Mexico City in 1801. He baptized it then “brown lead” (now called Vanadinite). During its experiments, he discovered that this color came from traces of chromium, and re-elected then the element panchromium . He renamed it once again later érythronium , because the majority of salts became red when they were heated. The French chemist Hippolyte-Victor Collet-Descotils declared whereas the new element of LED Rio was only impure chromium, and the Baron Alexander von Humboldt, friend of LED Rio, was of the same opinion. LED Rio lined up itself with their conclusions.
In 1831, a Swedish of the name of the Nile Gabriel Sefström, redécouvrit vanadium in new oxides which it found while working on iron ores. Later the same year Friedrich Wöhler confirmed work of LED Rio.
Metal vanadium was isolated by Henry Enfield Roscoe in 1867. This one reduced vanadium chloride (V Cl 3) with Dihydrogène.
Biological role
In Biology, the vanadium atom is an essential component of certain enzymes. Tunicates (Urochordés) have a vanadium concentration a million times higher than water where they are. The Rat S and the Poulet S for of need an infinitesimal quantity to avoid deficiencies in the growth and the reproduction.
Occurrence
One does not find vanadium free in nature, but one finds it in form dependant in at least 65 minerals like the Patronite (V S 4), the Vanadinite (Pb 5 (V O 4) 3 Cl), and the Carnotite (K 2 (U O2) 2 (VO4) 2.3 H2O). Vanadium is also present in the Bauxite, like in the carbon containing of the deposits like the Pétrole, the coal, the Bitume. The spectrum of vanadium was also detected in the sunlight like in that of certain stars.
Isotopes
Vanadium in nature is present only in the shape of one isotope vanadium 51.
Simple: Vanadium
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