Valvular Bioprothèse

A valvular bioprothèse , also called biological valve or hétérogreffe valvular is a artificial Valve intended to replace a Valve cardiac and manufactured starting from animal fabrics.

They have a good blood tolerance: blood does not coagulate with their contact contrary to the mechanical valves; that avoids a treatment Anticoagulant with the long course. They are however less resistant and tend to be degraded.

History

The artificial valves are developed as of the beginning of the Années 1960, of which the first homogreffes , valves taken on human corpses. These last are however not easily available and the use of animal valves was slowed down by problems immunological S with type of rejection (formation of Anticorps against foreign fabric, involving a fast degradation of this last).

In 1968 is used for the first time the Glutaraldéhyde which allows the transformation of the Protéine S of structure of the artificial valve into a matrix not causing immunological reaction.

The first valve of this type was thus created thus by Alain Carpentier, surgeon French at the end of the Sixties, with the american company Edwards , giving the valve of Carpentier-Edwards . The creators not having deposited a patent, other valves of this type were born quickly. They were primarily manufactured containing fabrics of Porc on a metal reinforcement. Its longevity was about seven to eight years.

At the beginning of the Years 1980, other models appear, always in pig but also out of ox, biochemical treaty more effectively in manner (even if the glutaraldehyde remains the essential reagent about it) what makes it possible to obtain a higher longevity, being able to exceed ten years.

Indications

It is primarily about the old patient carrying a disease of a cardiac valve.

The installation of this type of valve can be proposed on a younger subject when there is a counter-indication with the Anticoagulant S or by choice of this last (reserve or difficulty of the monitoring of a treatment by regular blood tests).

Another indication remains the woman in age to procreate, the conduit of a pregnancy under anticoagulant treatment being particularly complex, by its risks for the Fœtus.

In the event of need for an anticoagulant treatment (for example in the event of auricular Fibrillation), the choice of a mechanical and not biological valve, is essential.

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