Valencian the ( valencià into Valencian, valenciano in Castilian) is the traditional name of the vernacular Language of the Valencian Country (traditional denomination) or Valencian Communauté (administrative denomination). It is a dialectal alternative of the Catalan, which was introduced by the colonists of the principality of Catalonia after the reconquest of the Arab territories by Jacques {{Ier}} of Aragon at the 13th century. With such sign that the authors writing into Valencian are often with the programs of the contest of the C.A.P.E.S. of Catalan and the test of Catalan of the contest of the Spanish Aggregation.
Milà I Fontanals, in its Obres Catalan women (Catalan Works), was the first to use this denomination. Later Josep Calveras will use it in 1925, in its work reconstrucció LED llenguatge literari català (the rebuilding of the Catalan literary language). A known example of the use of triple denomination is in the Diccionari Català-Valencià-Balear (1926-1962), called thus by the author who began work, Antoni Maria Alcover, to obtain the acceptance of people who lived in the principal territories where the language was spoken.
In addition, the Valencians and the Catalans had a historical role in the maintenance of a literary tradition in the language which they share, giving like result of the double denominations; the first of them appears in a Latin document ( Actas LED proceso of canonización of Saint Vincent Ferrier , (1445-1455): “and loqueretur in vulgari catalanico sive valentino”) and later in literary works like the Rules of esquivar terms O words grossers O pagesívols (1492-1497) of Bernat Fenollar and Jeroni Pau (“… lo vulgar català E valencià be to dir reyna …”) or bilingual Diccionari temàtic Thesaurus puerilis (1575) of Onofre Pou (“Está to precede lo vulgar in llengua Cathalana, there Valenciana, there després lo llatí”).
Use
Valencian is the own language of the Valencian Communauté, and it is official in its center with the Castillan. Nearly 94% of the population includes/understands it, and approximately 78% affirm knowledge the speech and to read it; finally, 50% of people say knowledge to write it, according to an investigation carried out in 2005 by the Research service and of sociological Studies of the autonomous Communauté of Valence. The policy of valorization of Valencian the company since the end of Francoism explains this relatively strong rate of elimination of illiteracy into Valencian, particularly in the young people. The television channel of the Valencian Community (channel nou) also strongly contributed to the familiarisation of most of the inhabitants of the community with Valencian, including in the zones castellanophones.
The speakers of the Valencian dialects concentrate in particular in the plain of the Province of Castellón (Castelló), the Mediterranean coast of Valence (Valencia) and the north of Alicante (Alacant).
Today, in most of the territory, and particularly in the big cities, Valencian is in position of inferiority compared to the Castilian, and that is due mainly to the political lack of support, which opposed in a general way the renewed interest that he knew after the pro-Franco period. More precisely, the fact that Valence is not any more since many years an active hearth of radiation of Valencian contributes to the fragmentation of this one.
Linguistics
Of point of view linguistic and scientist Valencian, which is one of the dialectal alternatives which constitute the Catalan, belongs to the Western dialectal group. The code ISO 639 is thus common ( cat ), but the denomination differs according to the territory. The dialectal articulation of the Catalan in two vertical blocks is based on a treatment difference of the dull vowels (3 vowels for the Eastern Bloc, 5 for the Western block). The Isoglosse of Valencian inside the Catalan language can return to the tortosí in the northern half of the province of Castelló (by applying the difference in conjugation/canto lays) or while including as belonging to Valencian the speech of the Fringe of Aragon (will cantès/cantara).Indo-European Languages > Italic > Romance Group > Romance > italo-Westerner Group - Sub-group Western > gallo-Iberian Group > Group ibéro-novel > ibéro-Eastern Group > Catalan-Valencian-baléare
to see in the detailed article Catalan
Valencian Under-dialects
- Valencian of transition or tortosin with the Catalan north-Westerner (valencià of transició O tortosí).
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Valencian septentrional or of Castillon (valencià septentrional O castellonenc)
This dialect is characterized by a simplification of consonant phonology (/dz/ > /tz/ and)
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Valencian exchange or apitxat , pronounced, (valencià central)
It is the internal under-method most known of Valencian. It is often devalued socially and source by shame for its speakers, who consider that they speak " mal" Valencian. Irradiated by the great center which Valence represents, this method extended in direction from the south, and it is not rare to today hear it in the southernmost zones of the province of Valence, like Xàtiva or Gandia. According to certain linguists, the appearance of the dialect apitxat is due to the progressive contribution of the immigrant Aragonese populations, and not to a bringing together with the Castilian phonological system. It is characterized by a deafening of several fricative consonants and sound affricate consonants, and by the bilabialisation of the sound fricative labiotentale (v > b)
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Valencian Southerner (valencià southernmost)
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Majorquin in Tàrbena and the Valley of Gallinera (parlars mallorquins has Tàrbena I the Valley of Gallinera)
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Valencian of Alicante (valencià alacantí)
The Valencian linguistic conflict
One must with Rafael Lluis Ninyoles, Valencian linguist, the invention of this term, and many work in report/ratio. In the latter, Ninyoles analyzes the process which led to the slow substitution of Valencian by the Castilian on behalf of the Valencian elites and the subsequent loss of social valorization of this one.
Current controversy
The use or the exclusion of the term is the object of a strong political controversy in Spain, where the defense and the claim of the regional identities awake the interest of the civil society traditionally, because it is often used to divide and oppose the populations. This controversy is based on the relatively widespread anticatalanism in the Valencian Community (the claims of autonomy, even of independence in Catalonia being practically non-existent in the Valencian Community, of many Valencians refuse to admit that they speak a method about the Catalan language) and was maintained by the ambiguous policy followed by the successive governments the Valencian Community, owing to the fact that the Valencian regional parties always played a tiny part in the community. The people at the origin of this controversy defend, against the unanimous opinion of the linguists, that the Catalan and Valencian would be two different languages. This controversy is sometimes indicated under the name of " linguistic conflict valencien" , a term which actually indicated in the beginning the existing conflict between the Castilian, institutional and dominant language, and Valencian, popular and not very prestigious language socially.
To finish some with this controversy, the institution of the Valencian Académie of the Language in its declaration of February 9th, 2005 affirms the relevance of the use of the Valencian term , when it applies to the aforementioned area, while asking not to use it in the only intention to create vain polemics or to devote themselves to handling of cultural nature, social or policy which contributes to to divide the speakers, to make difficult its promotion and to prevent its full standardization (cf 4 page 2).
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