Vagantes de Episcopi

This page relates to the year 1665 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

America

March 23rd: Arrival of the intendant Jean Heel with the Canada (1665 - 1668 and 1670 - 1672), sent by Colbert to organize the administration (justice, police force and finance) and to emphasize the economic richnesses.
September 12th: Daniel de Rémy de Courcelles becomes governor of News-France.
June 19th: The Regiment of Carignan-Salt boxes, of thousand three hundred men, arrives at Quebec with mission of invading Iroquoisie. Assured peace with the Iroquois (1666), one lays off the regiment and the king makes include/understand with the officers whom he wants to see them to be established in News-France.

Rebellions of the French of the Windward Islands against the French Company of the Western Indies.

Africa

July 9th: Arrival of the ship " Taureau" carrying on its board the first 20 French colonists of the Island Bourbon, of which Herve Dannemont, wire of a glass Master, born with Brix (Cotentin, Normandy) whose name will become " Dennemont" , name carried, today, by many inhabitants of the Meeting.
August 2nd: French forwarding of the duke of Beaufort against the barbaresque pirate of Tunis and Algiers. The French bombard Algiers.
August 5th: The island Bourbon accommodates its first governor, Etienne Regnault, agent of the Compagnie of the Indies.
August 24th: Battle of Cherchell.
October 29th: The Portuguese demolish the Empire Kongo with the Bataille of Ambuila.

the Manicongo Antonio Ier is drawn up against the Portuguese with whom it refuse the prospecting concessions mining granted by his/her father Garcia II. It is killed the October 29th with the battle of Ambuila, which rings the knell of the power of the kingdom of Congo. The Portuguese pay a homage posthumous to the sovereign overcome by carrying his head with Luanda and while making him build a mausoleum, but leave the kingdom of parcelled out Congo.

Civil war in Congo between two branches of the dynasty of the manicongo, the Mpanzu and the Nlaza, until in 1696. The capital is in ruin (1678).

Asia

January 4th, Vietnam: Edict proscribing Christianity. Setting with died of the Christians of Faifo.
June 22nd: Shivâjî Bhonsla sign the peace treaty of Purandhar with Aurangzeb.

Arrived of the Father Roe-deer at the Kampuchea.
Sengué succeeds his/her father Erdeni-Baatour-kongtaïdji like khan of Dzoungarie (fine in 1671). The khanat oïrat is consolidated economically and politically.

Europe

March 4th: Second War anglo-Dutchwoman. The England declares the war with the United Provinces (fine in 1667).
April 12th: Margaret Porteous is the first official victim of the epidemic of plague which will make at least 70 000 victims with London and will last until in 1666.
June 13rd: English naval Victoire of the duke of York to Lowestoft on the Netherlands.
June 17th: Victoire of the Portuguese combined to the English with the Battle of Villaviciosa on the Spaniards, ensuring the independence of the Portugal.
June 29th: Auto-da-fe with Cordoue.
August 2nd: Dutch and Norwegian naval Victoire on the English with the Battle of Vågen.
September 17th: Beginning of the reign of Charles II of Spain (fine in 1700). Regency of Marie-Anne of Austria, mother of Charles II who runs up against the ambition of popular the gift Juan of Austria, bastard of Philippe IV of Spain. Its ministers, the German Jesuit Johann Eberhard Nithard (1665 - 1673) then the adventurer Fernando de Valenzuela (1673 - 1677) will be successively driven out capacity by gift Juan.
November 14th: Royal law with the Denmark ( Kongeloven ): Frederic III of Denmark establishes hereditary and absolute monarchy in Denmark. The nobility loses its special fiscal advantages and all the subjects (except the peasants) become equal in front of the law. Secret behavior until the advent of Christian V of Denmark, this Constitution will remain in force until in 1849.

Peder Schumacher Griffenfeld (1635 - 1699) becomes secretary of the Room of the king to the Denmark.
Extinction of the branch of the Habsbourg of the the Tyrol. Léopold I {{er}} inherits and gives a broad administrative autonomy it to Innsbruck.
Conspiracy of the Hungarian tycoons, carried out by palatine the Ferenc Wesselényi and the primacy Lippai. She vainly seeks alliances near the France, even of the Porte itself, and considers an insurrection peerage-book.
country Agitation against the lords with Somogy, in Hungary.
England: Five Miles Act : prohibition with all the “dissenting” pastors ( Dissenters ) to settle with less than five miles of their old parish.

Apogee of the textile industry of Leyde. The production reaches 10 million guilders after a thirty years growth.
Establishment of a public post office in Russia by the Dutchman Johann van Sveden.
440 000 inhabitants in Norway.

France

February 15th: Papal bubble prescribing the signature of the Form antijansenist. The nuns having refused to sign the form are interned with Port-Royal-of-Fields, while the “signeuses ones” live Paris (July).
September 15th - January 31st 1666: Great days of Auvergne. Colbert uses the Parlement of itinerant Paris to make justice in the Massif Central.
October: Creation of the manufacture of the ices (future Saint-Gobain). Its capital will quintuple between 1667 and 1680. Creation of manufacture Van Wrapped (fine cloths) with Abbeville.

Good harvests in France (1665 - 1685). The courses of cereals are relatively low of 1665 with 1690 and there will be no more famines until in 1691. The prices are stable until in 1692. The average volume of the French grape harvest increased third with half since 1550.
Revolt antifiscale of Audijos, in Chalosse.
Colbert becomes General inspector of finances (fine in 1683). The system check of finances supplants the chancellery (justice) on the financial questions.
46 047 officers at least in the kingdom.
Application of “the maritime inscription” on the coasts Atlantic S (general census of the sailors). It allows the recruitment forced by classes successive.
Colbert makes grant the whole of the workshops of tapestry of Aubusson the privilege to be entitled “royal Manufacture”. The same privilege is granted to Felletin in 1689.
Work of enlarging of the Arsenal of the galères to Marseilles.

Religion

May 31st: The preacher cabalist Shabbetaï Zevi proclaims Messie with Gaza. He runs up against the opposition of the rabbis who drive out it Jerusalem. Its prophet Nathan of Gaza sends letters to the various Jewish communities to announce his arrival, in Germany, Holland, Italy and Poland (September). Shabbetaï Zevi travels from Gaza to Alep while passing by Safed and receives supports it certain wise talmudists. It raises the enthusiasm of crowd of Izmir (December), of Jerusalem, the Cairo and Salonique. He announces his voyage on other bank of the Sambation , the mythical river which skirts the Eden, for on January 1st 1666. On this date which is that of the achievement of times, it will divide the world between his brothers and faithful. The December 30th, it embarks of Izmir with Istanbul, where the sultan makes it stop, anxious in front of the popular movements which it unchains. In its prison of Gallipoli, Zevi receives as many visits the faithful ones during its preaching. Then the sultan gives him the choice between death or the Islam (December 15th 1666). Zevi chooses Islam, becomes Mehemet Effendi, gets dressed with green and saw ten more years in good believing (he dies the September 17th 1676). Its faithful, one moment flabbergasted in front of this apostasy, decides to act like their Messiah. Hundreds of Juifs convert with Islam (300 families, is 1500 people with Salonique the December 2nd 1686). They are especially members of the aristocracy of Salonique, Istanbul or Izmir. They are called then the deunmés , or Donmeh . They however continue to practice a nourished Judaism of Zohar and reflections cabalists.
Success of the Apology for the nuns for Port-Royal , by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole.

Art & culture

January 5th: Publication in Paris of the Newspaper of the sçavans , first scientific magazine and first literary collection French.
March 6th: First publication of the scientific magazine Philosophical Transactions off the Royal Society
November 7th: First number of the London Gazette .

Russia: The defector white-russien Siméon de Polotsk founds a school with the monastery Zaikonospasski, or the young clerks of the Foreign affairs initiate themselves with necessary profane knowledge by their trade. In 1672, Siméon will become tutor of the tsarévitchs Alexis and Fédor and their Sophie sister. Poet and playwright of the court, it is the perfect one representing school of Kiev.

Memories of Brantôme.
History in love with Gaules of Bussy-Rabutin.
Conspiracy of the count J.L of Fiesque , Retz.
Conversation of the marshal of Hocquincourt with the P. Canaye , of Saint-Évremond.
the ridiculous Meal , satire of Boileau.