Víctor Raúl Haya of Torre (Trujillo, February 22nd 1895 - Lima, August 2nd 1979) was a Peruvian Politician , it was the founder of the American revolutionary popular Alliance.

Biography

It was born in a family from middle-class from north from the country. In 1913, it is registered at the University of Trujillo to study the literature, it becomes acquainted with the Peruvian poet César Vallejo and ties a solid friendship with him. Then it joined the National university of San Marcos to Lima. It takes part in the student movements where it is pointed out by its vitality and its charisma.

In 1919, it is elected president of the Federation of the Peruvian Students. It contributes much to the application to San Marcos of the ideas of the movement Argentinian university reformist (Reformed It). Administrative reforms are thus carried out in 1919 in particular by the creation of structures para-academics to the means of which the students hoped to touch the workers. For this purpose, Haya of Torre founds Universidades Populares Gonzalez Prada which proposes courses of the evening for the workers. According to historians such Steve Stein (specialist étasunien in the contemporary Latin-American history), they were the compost of the Parti Apriste Péruvien. He undertakes hostile actions against the government of the president Augusto B. Leguía in 1923 what is worth to him to be constrained to exile itself with Mexico City.

The May 7th 1924, Haya of Torre founds the American revolutionary popular Alliance there, body of a movement side-Latino-American which will be called the Aprisme . The " Partido Aprista Peruano" (PAP), Peruvian emanation of this movement, is founded the September 20th 1930.

Haya of Torre goes back to Peru in 1931 to stand as a candidate to the presidency. He is imprisoned for 15 month and its party is interdict until in 1934 then of 1935 with 1945. In 1945, Jose Luis Bustamante Rivero becomes there president with the support of American revolutionary popular Alliance. But in 1948, of the dissidents of the party revolt with Callao and American revolutionary popular Alliance is again prohibited. In November, Manuel A. Odría seizes the capacity and Haya of Torre is constrained to take refuge with the embassy of Colombia in Lima the January 3rd 1949. It is able to return to Peru in 1954 and its party is again authorized in 1956.

However, he lives mainly abroad until in 1962. He presents himself again to the presidential elections and arrives at the head at the first turn but with very little voice in advance. He thinks of arriving at the capacity with the support of the former president and enemy Manuel A. Odría against Fernando Belaúnde Terry, but a Coup d'etat of the general Ricardo Pérez Godoy stops the electoral process a few days before its conclusion. The military Junte cancels the elections. News elections in 1963, offers a new chance to Haya of Torre but this one is beaten by Belaúnde.

In the opposition, American revolutionary popular Alliance manages to obstruct Belaúnde but, in 1968, a new military coup d'etat introduces a news gives political.

The final failure of the military revolutionary experiment of the Années 1970 requires a recasting of the political system. Haya of Torre is elected president of the Constituent Assembly of 1978 which promulgates the Constitution 1979. The July 12th, it signs this new constitution on its bed of death. He will not see his party gaining the elections of 1985, at the end of 60 years of political struggle.

Ideology

Haya of Torre preached Latin-American solutions (or to employ its own indo-American terminology ) with the Latin-American problems. It called with the rejection of the American Impérialisme like Soviet Communisme

It was in favor of the democratic values universal, of the equal rights des for the indigenous populations and an economic policy Socialiste (Land reform, founded on the collectivization of the grounds, controls official industry).

Haya of Torre wished the inversion of the Oligarchie landowners who had directed Peru since the colonial time to replace it by an ideal socialist elite. However, so that the party is legalized, it made in an opportunist way derive its alignment towards the line, and as of the Années 1950, it had given up the majority of the ideals of socialist progressionism.

Moreover, the seizure of Haya of Torre on the movement which it had created generated of the sectarian and autocratic behaviors and the defection of some of the young most talented leaders of American Alliance popular revolutionary who turned to the Marxist left .

Quotation

¡ Neither idiot Washington nor idiot Moscú! (" Neither with Washington, nor with Moscow! ")

Internal bond

• American revolutionary popular Alliance

External bonds

• Partido Aprista Peruano - Biography of Víctor Raúl Haya of Torre
• Photographs of Víctor Raúl Haya of Torre

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