Uthman Ben Affan
`Uthman or “Uthmân Ben “Affân Ben Al “Âs Ben Amîa (rear RTL عثمانبنعفانبنأبيالعاصبنأمية) is the third Caliph of the Islam (644 - 656), successor of Abû Bakr and Omar.
According to the tradition, it is the first mecquois converted with Islam. It converted before the Hégire and it took part in the first exile of the Moslems in Abyssinie in 620. Its relations with Mahomet are excellent. Two of the girls of Mahomet and Khadija, Rukayya and Umm Kulthum had married two of wire of Abû Lahab uncle of the prophet but opposing to Islam. After the hégire the quraychites required of wire of Abû Lahab to repudiate their wives. Rukayya and Umm Kulthum joined their father with Médine. `Uthman wished Rukayya and Mahomet gave it to him in marriage. At the time of the great battle of Badr, Rukayya was sick and Mahomet made it possible `Uthman to remain at its side. Abû Lahab was killed at the time of this defeat of the quraychites. Rukayya died brutally the following day. A little later `Uthman married Umm Kulthum.
Chosen as caliph preferably with Ali, it causes dissatisfactions around him: initially by the confiscation with the profit of its clan of part of the brought back spoils of the conquests of Africa, Minor Asia and Persian, then by fixing officially the text of the Coran.
Under the caliphate of Uthman, the Moslem territory increases considerably and from new problems emerge: four types of divergences appear in connection with the text of Coran. Uthman then decides to officialize a specimen of the Koranic text and establishes a single classification of the sourates the ones compared to the others. It is for this purpose that it charges a commission with preparing several copies ( mus' haf ) of Coran. And that occurs in year 25 from the hégire, that is to say fifteen years after the death of the Prophet.
These prepared copies, Uthman makes them send in various important points of the Moslem territory.
The copies of Coran written nowadays always follow word for word and letter for letter this compilation of the copies of Uthman|reference necessary , named writing “ rear-rasm Al-uthmanî ”. Some-a of these copies would exist still today, one would be with Istanbul, the other with Tachkent (Ouzbékistan).
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