Usual surfaces of New Caledonia

the usual Surface is a subdivision special and parallel with the subdivision administrative of the New Caledonia, created by the Accords of Matignon in 1988 and whose institutional operation is fixed today by the organic law n° 99-209 of the March 19th 1999 relating to the New Caledonia.

Usual surfaces

Ajië-Aro : center Large Earth, with horse on the Provinces North and Southern, includes/understands the communes of Bourail, Houaïlou, Moindou and of four tribes out of the six of Poya. The Langues kanak which are spoken there belong to the group centers, but none exceeds the 600 speakers, except for the spoken ajië with Houaïlou by more than 4000 people (it is one of the four languages open to teaching).
Djubéa-Kaponé : it corresponds at the southern end of the Large-Ground and the island of the Pines, and includes/understands the communes of Noumea, even if the chief town of the Territory does not contain any tribe, of Dumbéa, Païta, of the Mount-Gilds, of Yaté and the island of the Pines. All the Langues kanak of the southern group are spoken there, whose principal one is the numèè spoken with Yaté, island of the Pines and island Ouen per less than 2000 people.
Drehu : corresponds to Lifou and with Tiga in the Îles Honesty, indicates thus at the same time the usual surface, the name mélanésien of the island and its inhabitants as well as the spoken language by those, by far most widespread of many speakers (more than 11.000) of all the Langues kanak (one of the four languages open to teaching).
Hoot My Waap: widest geographically, it corresponds at the northern end of the Large-Ground and the islands Belep. It includes/understands the communes of Belep, Hienghène, Kaala-Gomen, Koumac, Ouégoa, Pouébo, Poum and Voh. The 11 languages and dialects kanak of the northern group are spoken there, but none exceeds the 2000 speakers.
Iaii : the island of Ouvéa in the Islands Honesty. It gives its name to the language mélanésienne spoken by a little more than 1500 speakers on this Atoll. The other spoken language, the faga uvea, is a Polynesian language still used by approximately 1000 people.
Nengone : the island of Pond in the Islands Honesty, the nengone indicating at the same time the island, its inhabitants and the language kanak spoken by those (more than 6000 speakers, it is one of the four languages mélanésiennes opened with teaching).
Paici-Camuki : surface located in Northern Province on the Large Earth enters the surfaces Hoot My Waap to north and Ajië-Aro to the south. It extends on the communes from Koné, Poindimié, Ponérihouen, Pouembout, Touho and on two of the six tribes of Poya. It draws its name from both Langues kanak which is spoken there and which belongs both to the group of the Center: the paicî, spoken by nearly 5500 speakers on the commune of Poindimié especially and one to the four languages kanak opened with teaching, and the cèmuhî or camuki used by a little more than 2000 people with Touho.
Xaracuu : surface located primarily in Southern Province but also a little in Northern Province, between the surfaces of Ajië-Aro in north and Djubéa-Kaponé in the south, it extends on the communes from Boulouparis, Canala, Farino (which does not contain any tribe), Kouaoua, Foa, Sarraméa and Thio. It draws its name from principal the language kanak spoken in this surface, the xârâcùù, spoken by nearly 3800 people especially with Canala. The two other languages do not exceed the 600 speakers.

Institutional operation

It is thus about a usual subdivision specific to the tribes Kanak S.

The usual Council

Each surface is represented by the usual Council (Section 2 of Chapter IV of Title III of the organic law), advisory, whose members are designated according to specific rules to each surface. In fact, each tribe designates its representatives with this council according to the customs and habits of the surface and under the control of the council of Old of the chefferies (or tribes) for a variable mandate. The chiefs and large-chiefs are members of right of this usual council. Then, the members of the council elect their office and thus their president for the term of the office. Here the list of the presidents of the usual Surfaces:

Ajië-Aro : Jean-Marie Hovereux, old of a tribe of Moindou, was president of this surface of 2000 with 2003. It then left its place to Jean Boanemoi of Bourail of 2003 with 2006. It is then the freedom fighter, former member of FLNKS, Mickaël Meureureu-Gowe, of Poya, the first of Ajië language, which succeeds to him for a mandate of three. The office includes/understands, in addition to the president, three vice-presidents (of which former president Jean-Marie Hovereux like 2nd vice-president), an assisted secretary of 2 assistant secretaries and a treasurer assisted by two assistant treasurers.
Djubéa-Kaponé : the mandate of the council is three years, with for rule alternating between a cheffery “Djubéa” (northern of Mount-Gilds, Dumbéa or Païta) and a cheffery “Kaponé” (great south: Ouen island, Yaté, island of the Pines) for the presidency. Thus, Clement Païta, big boss of Païta (thus Djubéa) was president of the surface of December 1999 in December 2002, succeeded by Hilarion Vendégou, big boss and mayor (RPCR) of the island of the Pines (Kaponé) of 2003 with 2006. In 2006, it is Gabriel Païta, president of the independence small part Mouvement chiraquien of the Christian-Democrats and outgoing president of the usual Senate, which was elected president of this surface. There remains however usual senator for his surface until in 2010, and exerts in fact the function of spokesperson of the usual Senate. This rule does not have however anything official. The office if not is composed, in addition to the president, of a vice president (currently the big boss “Djubéa” of the Bridge-of-French with Mount-Gilds, chief of the tribe of Saint-Louis and former president of FLNKS and the Union calédonienne Rock Wamytan), of a secretary, an assistant secretary, a treasurer and an assistant treasurer.
Drehu : the presidency of the usual council is revolving between the big bosses of the three districts of Lifou: the large-chief of the district of Loessi Charles Evanès Swell (current president), that of the district of Wet Paul Sihazé (current 3rd vice-president and usual senator) and that of the district of Gaitcha Pierre Matr Oigoué Zéoula (current 2nd vice-president and usual senator). While one of them holds the presidency, the two others are vice-presidents and represent the surface with the usual Senate. There are then four other members of the office, designated by the council.
Hoot My Waap: the big boss of Arama with Poum and former president Union calédonienne of the usual Senate of 1999 with 2000 André Thean-Hiouen was president of the surface of 1999 with 2005, date on which it was replaced by Didaco Nonghaï, then finding a seat with the usual Senate for 5 years. The office if not also consists of a vice-president, a secretary, an assistant secretary, a treasurer and an assistant treasurer.
Iaii : as for the Drehu surface, the presidency is revolving between the various big bosses of the districts of Ouvéa. The current president is Daniel Nékélo, big boss of the district of Takedji which includes/understands only one tribe of the same name of which he is the chief égalemement, he is member of RPCR and was reproduced on the list carried out by Simon Loueckhote to provincial of 2004 in the province of the islands Loyauté. The big bosses divide themselves if not the four seats of the office: that of president thus but also of vice-president (Pierre Doumaï, big boss of Mouli), of secretary (Denis Bazit, big boss of Saint-Joseph) and of treasurer (Cyrille Wenegueï, big boss of Fayaoué). As there are only four seats for five districts, there is thus always a big boss who does not have a seat at the office of the usual council.
Nengone : as with Lifou and Ouvéa, the office of the usual council is dominated by the big bosses of the 8 districts of the island which are alternated with the presidency but also in the 5 other stations that contain the office. The current president is the big boss of Medu Paul Jewine which was president of the usual Senate of 2004 to 2005 and remains senator always today and that since 1999. The other stations of the office are: 1st vice-president (David Sinewami, large-chief of the Rock and he also usual senator since 2000), 2nd vice-president (Etoroy Etoroy, large-chief of Tawainèdre), secretary (Maunga Wanaro, large-chief of Wabao), assistant secretary (Louis Waetheane, large-chief of Eni, was usual senator of 1999 to 2000) and treasurer (Louis Trabé Djalo, large - chief of Pénélo). There are thus two big bosses who do not have seats at the office in this moment: the large-chief of Guahma Nidoïsh Naisseline but this one sat forever at the office of the usual council in his capacity as elected official of the Parliament of Province and the Congress of the Territory; and the large-chief of Tadine Jean Yeiwéné, which was however already before president of the Nengone surface (in 2002).
Paici-Camuki : Anselme Poragnimou was president of the Paici surface of 1999 with 2005. It was then replaced by Samy Goromido until 2006 and from there by Isaac Poarairiwa.
Xaracuu : the current president is a small chief and city council man of Kouaoua since 2001, Niémoin Kapa.

Usual senate

Since 1999, the usual Senate replaced the former usual advisory counsel. It is composed of sixteen members, that is to say two representatives of each usual surface. Their mode of nomination was initially left with the free choice of each usual council, for a six years mandate (1999 - 2005). Since 2005, each couple of senators is elected by his usual council for a 5 years mandate. The presidency of the usual Senate is revolving between the usual surfaces each year: it thus takes every year indicated which of the two representatives of the surface concerned will be president. If not each other station of the office of the Senate are entrusted to the two senators of the same surface. Since August 2006, and until August 2007, the office of the usual Senate is thus made up:

president: Jean-Guy Me Boueri (Country Xaracuu). Its Co-senator, Bank Coffee, were him also presented to be a president but, having been recently condemned in justice, its candidature was invalidated. In the same way, in April 2007, the nomination of Jean-Guy Me Boueri to the presidency was cancelled by the administrative court of Noumea following a recourse of its predecessor Gabriel Païta since it had not received the support that of 14 senators and the 8 presidents of usual surfaces for his election instead of the 16 senators envisaged by the organic law. It however was maintained in its functions by the whole of the usual senators the March 6th 2007.
1st vice-presidency: Country Hoot My Waap: the senators André Thean-Hiouen (was the very first president of the usual Senate of 1999 to 2000) and Albert Wahoulo.
2nd vice-presidency: Country Iaii: Ambroise Doumai and Jean-Marie Gnavit.
Spokesperson: Country Djubéa-Kaponé: senators Christophe Gnibekan and Gabriel Païta (president of the usual Senate of 2005 to 2006 and current president of the surface).

List presidents of the usual Senate since 1999:

1999-2000: Andre Thean-Hiouen, surface Hoot My Waap.
2000-2001: Jean Wanabo, surface Iaii.
2001-2002: Georges Mandaoué, surface Ajië-Aro.
2002-2003: Pierre Zéoula, surface Drehu.
2003-2004: Gabriel Poadae, surface Paici-Camuki.
2004-2005: Paul Jewine, surface Nengone.
2005-2006: Gabriel Païta, surface Djubéa-Kaponé.
2006-2007: Jean-Guy Me Boueri, surface Xaracuu.

List senators by surface since 2005:

Ajië-Aro : Georges Mandaoué (near to the trade union and political party European Public Service Union to the workers kanaks and exploited ) and Julien Boanemoi (one of both will be normally president of 2009 to 2010).
Djubéa-Kaponé : Christophe Gnibekan and Gabriel Païta (president of the surface Djubéa-Kaponé, both are spokesperson of the Senate and one of them, or their successor, will be president of the usual Senate of 2013 to 2014).
Drehu : Paul Sihazé and Pierre Zéoula (this surface will have the presidency of the usual Senate of 2010 to 2011).
Hoot My Waap: Andre Théan-Hiouen and Albert Wahoulo (1st vice-presidency, one of both will be president probably of 2007 to 2008).
Iaii : Ambroise Doumaï and Jean-Marie Gnavit (2nd vice-presidency, one of both will be president normally of 2008 to 2009).
Nengone : David Sinewami and Paul Jewine (president of the surface Nengone, one of both, or their successor, will be if not chair according to the payment of the Senate of 2012 to 2013).
Paici-Camuki : Clement Grochain and Gathélia Wabealo (one of them, or one of their successor, will be according to any probability chair usual Senate of 2011 to 2012).
Xaracuu : Jean-Guy Me Boueri (president of the Senate) and Bank Coffee (the presidency will not fall any more on one representative of this surface before the year 2014 - 2015).

References

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