Shaihu Usman daN Fodio , ( Shehu Usman daN Fodio , Shaikh Usman Ibn Fodio or Ousmane daN Fodio ), (1754 - 1817) was a writer and statesman fulani. It is close to the school soufi E (Tariqa) of the Qadiriyya.

Biography

Usman daN Fodio is born with Gobir. It belonged to the urban elite of the fulanis, alive in the cities Haoussas. It receives a ic education Islam pushed in Science S, Philosophie and Théologie. Its Master, Jibril ibn' Umar, taught that it was not only possible, but also the duty, of the religion to establish an ideal, free company of oppression and perversion. Ousmane daN Fodio tried to apply these precepts in the town of Degel.

However, in 1802, Yunfa, the king of Gobir and its former student, is opposed to him: it cancelled the autonomy of Thaw and tried to assassinate daN Fodio. DaN Fodio and its partisans fled in the meadows in the west in order to join the nomads peuls. Yunfa was combined the leaders of the other Hunas cities to secure itself against a Jihad. Indeed daN Fodio was proclaimed Amirul Mominîn , i.e. guide of the believers. It had an at the same time political and religious capacity thus. It could call some with the jihad, gather an army and order it. It invades the Haoussa country, in particular gràce with the superiority of the cavalry peule. DaN Fodio was in addition supported by the Haoussa farming community which suffered from the taxes of the cities.

After the few years of the War peule, daN Fodio was found with the head of the empire peul of Sokoto. DaN Fodio provided it with an effective government, founded on Koranic principles.

Already old to the beginning of the war, daN Fodio transmitted as of 1815 the title of sultan of Sokoto to his son Muhammed Bello.

Usman daN Fodio is buried with Sokoto. Its tomb always attracts pilgrims.

Works and posterity of Ousmane daN Fodio

Charismatic political leader of alive sound, it inspired many Djihad in Western Africa: those of Sékou Tinder, founder of the empire Massina, El Hadj Oumar Tall (groom with one of the grand-daughters of daN Fodio) founder of the Empire toucoulor, Samory Touré founder of the Empire Wassoulou, and Modibbo Adama founders of the Empire Adamawa.

Some quotations

" A government must be founded on five things:

• the capacity should not be given to that which seeks it
• the need for the consulatation
• the abstention from violence
• justice
• the bienfaisance"

References

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