Urukagina
Urukagina , or Uruinimgina , is a king of Lagash, which reigned starting from the middle of the century before J.C.
One considers generally that it acts of usurper, which does not belong to the royal dynasty which reigned before, even if that remains subject to deposit. Its advent is carried out during one time of social disturbances. In a famous series of six documents, the king spreads out all the abuses whom it regulated at once gone up on the throne, and proclaims to have restored social peace: revocation of tax collectors of too many and too abusive taxes, restoration of the situation of the poor oppressed by rich person. These inscriptions are innovative, since they are oldest treating a social subject, and presenting the figure of the king right, taken again thereafter inter alia by Hammurabi in its famous code, and Cyrus II in a cylinder found with Babylon.
On the military level, its reign is marked by a terrible defeat inflicted with the army of Lagash by that of Umma, its secular enemy, directed by Lugal-zagesi, which establishes its domination on the country of Sumer. Remarkable fact, Urukagina wrote a document in which he speaks about his defeat, and curses its adversary, which constitutes a single case of the history of Mésopotamie, generally known by the inscriptions of the winners. Thereafter, Lugal-zagesi is overcome by Sargon d' Akkad, which founds the first territorial state of the history mésopotamienne (sometimes even regarded as true a Empire). At this point in time Lagash must lose its independence, and that the reign of Urukagina is completed. A character named urukagina is several times mentioned on the obélisuqe of Manishtushu, wire of Sargon: it is perhaps about former king de Lagash, refugee or exiled with Akkad.
The reign of Urukagina, the last of the First dynasty of Lagash, is that for which we have the greatest quantity of wedge-shaped files coming from the site of Tello, the antique Girsu, capital nun of the kingdom. The most important batch is that of the Archives of the temple of Beam, local goddess, which are in fact the files of the field allotted to the wife of Urukagina, the Sasag queen. Indeed, during a reform carried out by this king or one as of his predecessors direct, the fields of the king, the queen and the crown prince had passed under the property symbolic system of the gods of the kingdom, whose family members royal were the representatives on Earth, and of which they could thus lay out legitimately.
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