University second cycle
The university second cycle is the common university period in the majority of the systems of education. This period, which directly follows the first cycle generally starts from two to four years after the beginning of the higher learning. It is a cycle of deepening, of training general, scientific and technical high level preparing with the exercise of professional responsibilities.
In the systems of education of culture Anglo-Saxon, the students are known as graduate .
In Germany
See also: German Education system
The first university cycle corresponds in Germany to the Diplom .
With the Canada
See also: : Category: Education in Canada, Education in Canada
The Canadian university second cycle includes/understands several diplomas of which mainly the Maîtrise (Canada).
Normally, a student must pass 60 appropriations (usually two years) to reach with the control.
Other diplomas exist with the second cycle like the License (Canada).
With the the United States
See also: Education system of the United States of America
The diploma of American second cycle names the Master .
In France
See also: Higher learning in France
- Before the Reform LMD: License (France), Control (France)
- After the Reform LMD: the importance of the license is marked as a graduating diploma whereas the control becomes an intermediate diploma within the studies leading to the master
The admission in the formations of the second cycle is opened with all the holders of the diplomas sanctioning the studies of first cycle.
According to the code of education, the second cycle gathers formations including/understanding, to differing degree, general training and professional training. These formations, organized in particular for the preparation with a profession or a whole of professions, make it possible to the students to supplement their knowledge, to look further into their culture and initiate them with the corresponding scientific research.
Another die, at the origin independent of the university, makes it possible to obtain a formation of level Master in the field of engineering and the trade:
- School of engineers: the diploma of Engineer is obtained in five years, to see Formations of engineers in France.
- Business school: these formations, generally created by the Chambers of commerce and of industry, also last five years.
With the the United Kingdom
See also: : Category: Education in the United Kingdom
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