The United States Marine Body (of the English meaning Body of the Marines of the United States), also shortened in US Marine Body or by the Initials USMC , is one of the five branches of the armed forces of the the United States. It is about the Marines of this country.

Presentation

Although depend on the administrative level on the Department of the Navy, it does not depend on the US Navy. It was set up the July 11th 1798 by an act of the Congrès of the United States of America, although two Bataillon S of Navy, as troops of embarked infantry, were made up as of the November 10th 1775 under the name of Continental Navy during the American Révolution.

The Marine Body is the only branch of the American armed forces which is protected by the law. Afterwards many discussions and attempts of the US Army to integrate it in its rows between the Second world war and the War of Korea, its size and its composition were stated in stop 416 of a law-program of the 82e Congrès in 1952. This law stipulates that no President of the United States or Secrétaire of Defense can dissolve the Body of the Navy or to reduce it to a force symbolic system. The USMC must be composed at least of terrestrial units equivalent to the manpower of three divisions and three Marine Air Wings (air squadrons).

Called the “leather necks” (leathernecks), the Marines were engaged since their creation in more than three hundred theaters of operations.

They have their own air force, infantry, regiments armor-plated and logistics. They rest sometimes on the US Navy for their operations via the buildings of unloading of the Gator Navy (American force amphibian).

Their role in the American military device is to act very quickly within the framework of an autonomous force expeditionary without awaiting the heavy means of the US Army.

Symbolism

The marine have their own uniforms of combat or ceremony, quite distinct from the other bodies, which confers to them a special place within the other armed forces of the nation.

They form the guard of honor of the president of the United States and keep the Ambassade S. the marine barrack in Washington shelters the marine band , orchestra of honor of the body of the marine and the president of the United States. They often appear in the media like in the Film S.

The marine are one of the symbols most representative of the military power of the United States.

Their currency: (Always faithful), the name of their official walk, often shortened in “Semper Fi”.

Their anthem is the Chant of the Navy.

Their Mascotte is a Bouledogue named Chesty, adoption which goes back to the 1st World war where, with Wood-Belleau, the Germans baptized the marine teufel hunds (dogs of the devil). Another symbol, the hat of the instructors of the Body ( seed-planting drill instructor ): the smokey bear , of the name of the character of cartoons (the bear smokey).

Their war cry is Gung Ho (in Chinese: “to work together”, " working together") borrowed from the Chinese during the Second world war.

Like all great military unit, the body has its rites and its codes of conduct including here two texts among most representative:

Code of conduct of the marines'

  • ARTICLE I:

I am an American, combatant in the forces which protect my country and our lifestyle. I am prepared to give my life for their defense.

I amndt year American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way off life. I amndt prepared to give my life in their defense.

  • ARTICLE II:

I will never go my own boss. If it is me which directs, never I will not deliver my subordinates as long as they will have the force to resist.

I will never surrender off my own free will. Yew in command, I will never surrender the members off my command while they still cuts the means to resist.

  • ARTICLE III:

If one makes me captive, I will continue to resist by all the means my range. I will make very to escape and help the others to do it. I will accept of the enemy neither release on word nor particular privileges.

If I amndt captured I will continues to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither NOR word special favors from the enemy.

  • ARTICLE IV:

If I am prisoner of war, I will remain faithful to my fellows-prisoner. I will not deliver any information and will not take part in any act which can harm my comrades. If I am graded, I will take the command. If not, I will carry out the legitimate orders of those which one will have named above me and will support them in all the manners.

If I become has prisoner off war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give No NOR information take share in any action which might Be harmful to my comrades. Yew I amndt senior, I will take command. Yew not, I will obey lawful orders off those appointed over me and will back them in every way. '

  • ARTICLE V:

If one questions me as a prisoner of war, I am held to give my name, my rank, my number number and birth date. I will elude the other questions of best than I will be able; I will not make any written oral declaration nor which either unfair with my country and its allies or vermin with their cause.

When questioned, should I become has off prisoner war, I amndt required to give name, rank, service number, and date off birth. I will escaped answering further questions to the utmost off my ability. I will make oral No gold written statements disloyal to my country gold its combine gold harmful to their cause.

  • ARTICLE VI:

I will never forget that I am an American, that I engagements for freedom, that I am responsible for my acts, and determined to defend the principles which make that my country is free. I will have confidence in my God and in the United States of America.

I will never forget that I amndt year American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the UNITED STATES OFF AMERICA.

USMC Files Creed

Here my rifle - (S) the code/principles of the marine

This Is My Rifle - The Creed off has US Navy

  • Here my rifle. There are others like him well of them, but this one it is mine.

This is my riffle. There are many like it, goal this one is mine.

  • My rifle is my best friend. He is my life. I must be the Master about it as I am it of my own life.

My files is my best friend. It is my life. I must master it ace I must master my life.

  • My rifle, without me, is not used for nothing. And without him, me either I am not used for nothing. I must draw right, more right which the enemy who seeks to kill me. It is necessary that I kill it before him does not kill to me. And it is what I will do.

My files, without me, is useless. Without my riffle, I amndt useless. I must fire my riffle true. I must shot straighter than my enemy who is trying to kill me. I must shot him before He shots me. I WILL…

  • My rifle and myself we know that what counts in this war, these are the blows that we draw, neither noise of our gusts nor smoke that we release. We know that what counts is the blows with the goal… HE AND I, ONE WILL MAKE FLY…

My files and myself know that what counts in this war is not the rounds we fire, the noise off our burst, NOR the smoke we make. We know that it is the hits that count. WE WILL HIT…

  • My rifle is human, just like me, since it is my life even. It is for that I want to learn how to know it like a brother. I will know his weaknesses, his power, his parts, his accessories, his system of aiming and his gun. I will keep it always clean and ready to be useful as myself I am clean and ready to be useful. We will do nothing any more but one. It IS AS THAT WHICH ONE WILL DO…

My files is human, even ace I, because it is my life. Thus, I will learn it ace has brother. I will learn its weaknesses, its strength, its shares, its accessories, its sights and its barrel. I will ever guard it against the devastations off weather and ramming ace I will ever guard my legacy, my arms, my eyes and my heart against ramming. I will keep my riffle clean and ready. We will become share off each other. WE WILL…

  • In front of God, I affirm this oath. My rifle and me we are there to defend my country. We are Masters of the enemy. WE ARE THE GUARANTORS OF MY EXISTENCE.

Before God, I swear this creed. My files and myself are the defenders off my country. We are the masters off our enemy. WE ARE THE SAVIORS OFF MY LIFE.

  • Ainsi is it until America gains the victory, and which there is no more enemy but only peace!

So Be it, until victory is America' S and there is No enemy, goal peace!

Général of division William Rupertus , Body of the Marines of the United States

Major Général William H. Rupertus , USMC.

Recruitment and formation

The recruits must have between 17 and 28 years. The period of standard engagement goes from 2 to 4 years. The recruits living in the east of the the Mississippi are sent to Parris Island (South Carolina) to make their classes there. Those which live in the west of the river are sent to San Diego (California). The basic drive is followed by a short advanced training course on the tactics of combat in small units and armament to Camp Lejeune (North Carolina) or Camp Pendleton (California). The reserve, founded during the First World War, formed integral part of the Body of the Navy. She is about 40 to 50.000 men. She includes the 4th Division (infantry) and the 4th Air Division. The reservists have two days of drive per month and two weeks each summer. By mobilizing the reserve, the Body can increase its manpower of almost a quarter in a few weeks.

The female Body of reserve was instituted in 1942. Its personnel sees itself affected as well on the “continental” United States as with Hawaii to prepare the men with the combat.

The women form integral part of the Navy since 1948, date on which the Congress made pass the “law of integration of the female personnel within the armed forces” ( Women' S Armed Service Integration Act ). The female recruits are involved in Parris Island, those which wish to become officers follow courses to Quantico (Virginia).

There is no separate Académie military within the Navy as in the other branches of the armed forces. The majority of those which want to make a career of officer within the Navy go to the naval academy of Annapolis (Maryland) although it is possible to present to the academy West Point (New York) or with the academy of the US Air Force with Colorado Springs (Colorado). All the officers on the other hand pass by Quantico

All the Navy is above all the marine fusiliers; of the general officer to the cook while passing through the fighter pilot, they must know to use to them rifle, the basic weapon of the body. In the same way the physical condition is paramount. Annual tests passed through all the members of the body top in bottom of the Hiérarchie, those which fail it having to leave the Body.

Principal operations and battles

  • War of Independence, 1775-1783
  • naval War with France, 1798-1800
  • United States of America War against Tripoli, 1801-1805
  • Second war of independence, 1812
  • Battle of Twelve Mile Swamp (Florida), September 11th, 1812
  • Battle of Quallah Batto (Sumatra), February 6th, 1832
  • War against the Indian of Florida, 1835-1842
  • américano-Mexican War, 1846-1847
  • Battle of Shanghai (China), April 4th, 1854
  • Battle of Ty-Ho bay (China), August 4th, 1855
  • Battle against the Indians close to Seattle, January 26th, 1856
  • Battle of the forts of the Barrier (China), 16 November 22nd, 1856
  • Battle of Waya (islands Fiji), October 6th, 1858
  • Capture of John Brown (To grip' S Ferry), October 18th, 1859
  • American Civil War, 1861-1865
  • US Wyoming vs. three Japanese boats (?) and of the coastal batteries, July 16th, 1863
  • Battle Of the forts of the Salted River (Korea), 10 June 11th, 1871
  • War Spanish-American, April 21st - August 13rd, 1898
  • Insurrection of the Filipino , June 30th, 1898 - July 4th, 1902
  • Battle of Tagalii (islands Samoa), April 1st, 1899
  • Forwarding of help in China (Rebellion of the Boxers), June-August 1900
  • Countryside with the Nicaragua, 1912
  • Capture of Veracruz (Mexico), 21 April 22nd, 1914
  • Occupation of the Dominican Republic, May 5th, 1916 - September 17th, 1924
  • Occupation of Haiti, July 28th, 1915 - August 31st, 1934
  • First World War, April 6th, 1917 - November 11th, 1918
  • Occupation of the Nicaragua, January 6th, 1927 - January 3rd, 1933
  • Second world war, December 7th, 1941 - August 15th, 1945
  • War of Korea (under mandate of the the United Nations), June 27th, 1950 - July 27th, 1953
  • Crisis of 1958 in Lebanon, July 15th - September 30th, 1958
  • Unloading in Thailand, May 16th - August 10th, 1962
  • Crisis of the missiles (against Cuba), October 24th - December 31st, 1962
  • Intervention in Dominican Republic, April 28th, 1964 - January 6th, 1965
  • War of Vietnam, March 15th, 1962 - January 28th, 1973
  • Operation Eagle Sweater (Kampuchea), April 1975
  • Operation Frequent Wind (Vietnam of the South), April 1975
  • Aid operation of the hostages of the container ships Mayagüez (engagements of the islands of Koh Tang, Kampuchea), May 1975
  • Operation Eagle Claw (attempt at rescue of the hostages in Iran; crews of the USMC fly the helicopters used), April 1980
  • Débarquement on the island of the Grenade, October-November 1983
  • Déploiement with the Lebanon (Beirut), August 1982 - February 1984
  • Guerre of the Gulf (1990-1991), August 1990 - April 1991
  • Security zone with the Kurdistan, April 1991, always in progress
  • Interdiction of overflight of the Iraq, 1991, always in progress
  • Opérations of maintenance of peace in Bosnia-Herzégovine 1991, always in progress
  • Opération of humanitarian aid in Somalia, 1992-1993
  • Opération with Haiti, 1994-1996
  • Evacuation Rwanda, April 1994
  • Evacuation of the Somalia, January-March 1995
  • Deployment in the Persian Gulf, November 1995 - May 1996
  • Kosovo - Operation Joint Guardian , 1999
  • Afghanistan, October 2001, always in progress
  • Operation Iraqi Freedom , March-May 2003
  • Operation Enduring Freedom , May 2003, always in progress
  • Operation in Haiti, March 2004, always in progress

Organization and manpower

The USMC is directed by a general “four stars” which, in accordance with the tradition going back to 1806, resides in the Marine Barracks at Washington. Since 2002, its 33e commander is the General Michael W. Hagee.

The Body of the Navy is distributed between the Marine Forces Pacific , whose general headquarter is with Pearl Harbor in the islands Hawaii, and the Marine Forces Atlantic , whose general headquarter is with Norfolk (Virginia).

It is composed of three Marine Expedionary Force of a theoretical manpower of 46  000 men with three divisions - 35  600 men (one of reserve), three Marine brigades “Expedionary Brigade”, three air squadrons Marine Aircraft Wing (one of reserve), three groups of logistical support Force Service Support Group (one of reserve) and seven Marine Expeditionary Links .

A Marine Expeditionary Brigade account of 7  000 with 15  500 men with 110 planes and 120 helicopters.

A Marine Expeditionary Links (reinforced Regiment), 2  200 men.

The active manpower of the Navy is about stable since the beginning of the Guerre of Korea in 1950 after having reached their maximum in 1945, whereas the other branches of the armed forces saw their manpower decreasing appreciably:

  • 1945 : ~ 485  000, 6 divisions

  • 1950: ~ 75  000, 2 divisions
  • 1951: 192  620, 3 divisions
  • 2002: 173  733, 3 divisions
  • 2011: ~ 202  000, 3 divisions (forecasts in 2007)

There is 104  000 reservists.

20% of these manpower can be transferred onto forty amphibious buildings which account US Navy, including 12 helicopter carrier of attack of 40  000 tons.

6,2% of the Navy are women; they account for only 4,3% of the officers of the body with 768 people in 2004.

Since 1918, they start to integrate the USMC (It is the least feminized branch US armed forces).

In 2005,6  440 Navy, is 3,8% of manpower, were not citizens of the United States. Many soldiers obtain this nationality only during their service or afterwards.

Flow chart of the forces expédionnaires of the USMC

In 2005, 4 divisions are:

I and III MEF depend on the Navy Forces Pacific, the II MEF of the Navy Forces Atlantic:

I Expedionary Marine Forces, Headquarters Group

  • 1st Marine Division (Based with Pendleton Camp, California)
  • 3rd Marine Air Wing (Based with Pendleton Camp, California)
  • 1st Force Service Group Support (Based with Pendleton Camp, California)
  • 1st Marine Expedionary Brigade
  • 11th Marine Expedionary Unit
  • 13th Marine Expedionary Unit
  • 15th Marine Expedionary Unit
  • Air Contingency MAGTF (ACM)

II Expedionary Marine Forces, Special Operations Training Group

  • 2nd MEB
  • 4rd MEB
  • 22nd Marine Expedionary Unit
  • 24th Marine Expedionary Unit
  • 26th Marine Expedionary Unit
  • Air Contingency MAGTF (ACM)

III Expedionary Marine Forces

  • 3rd Marine Division
  • 1st Marine Air Wing
  • 3rd Force Service Support Group
  • 31st Marine Expedionary Unit (based with Okinawa, Japan)
  • Air Contingency MAGTF (ACM)

Equipment

The Marine Body has at the beginning of the Années 2000 approximately 500 planes of 1st line (AV-8B, F/A 18, EA-6B, C-130), 500 tanks M-1, 600 gun S and 450 amphibious vehicles AAV7 without counting the fighting vehicles of infantry with wheel LAV-25 whose many versions are in service.

Their equipment “rustic” and is generally tested, rifle M-16A2, helicopter AH-1 Cobra (an ultimate version the AH-1Z must be built with 180 specimens), helicopter UH-1 Y derived from famous Huey of the Vietnam envisaged approximately 100 specimens, “Sea Knight” entered in service in 1961. It prepares a great change with arrived of rotor the plane V-22 Osprey rocking;

Their fighters are F-18 C/D and famous AV-8B Harrier II. Those have a rather high rate of accidents with 148 apparatuses lost out of 397 delivered in 2005. In 32 years of services, 52 pilots were killed.

For the unloadings, they can count on 80 LCAC with air cushion of US Navy.

Marine Expedionary Links

There are 7 Marine Expedionary Unit (MEU) independent which is the smallest entities expédionnaires Tasks Forces of the USMC.

They are the spearheads of the Body of the Navy and the first to intervene for specific missions the such evacuation of civilians or raids on a particular objective and can serve as before guard before déployement of great scale.

They must be able to hold 15 days of operations in complete autonomy before the arrival of reinforcements.

Here their human means and material:

~ 2  200 people divided between a state major (EC), a reinforced battalion of 1200 Navy (Battalion Landing TEAM or BLT), an air and sea squadron of helicopters and planes (ACE), a group of service and support (MEU Group Service)

  • 4 tanks M1 Abrams A1

  • 16 armoured tanks LAV
  • 8 M252 mortars of 81 mm
  • 8 missiles anti tanks Javelin
  • 15 amphibians AAV “Amtrack”
  • 6 Howitzer S M198 of 155 mm
  • 118 support and freight vehicles (M-925 trucks, HMMWV, armor-plated M9 ACE of the genius…)

  • 12 CH- 46E “Sea Knight”

  • 4 CH- 53E “Super Stallion”
  • 3 UH-1N “Huey”
  • 4 AH-1W “Cobra”
  • 6 Harriers II AV-8B
  • 2 KC-130 “Hercules” (transport, in-flight refueling)

Famous navy

Related articles

External bonds

  • Official site of the US Marine Body
  • Structure of the chain of command of the USMC
  • '' The Halls off Montezuma '' (.wav)
  • 4 {{E}} brigade of the body of the Marines of the United States during the Great War

Simple: United States Marine Body

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