Umbrella

Design

The device varies in the face and form, but its design is basically the same one: a Mât (or stem ) central supports stems articulated (the whales ) via a sliding ring. When the ring is in low position, the whales are completely flattened along the mast. When the ring is in high position, the whales are deployed and tighten the fabric all around the mast.

The number of whales varies from four (for the square parasols used on the markets of outdoor) to eight or ten in general for the umbrellas. They are distributed with regular intervals on the circumference of the mast.

On the umbrellas and the sunshades, the needle stem comprises a handle at its lower end, for best taken in hand.
The use of the parasols is done rather at fixed telephone; the lower end of their mast thus is generally conceived to be encased in a support or to be planted in the ground, in manner that a blow of Vent cannot carry it.

Umbrella

Towards 1730, a Parisian craftsman with the idea to manufacture sunshades in oil-cloth to protect itself from the rain, the umbrella was born. But there was earlier than this date (see this English article) the Chinese invented it at the 4th century and introduced it in the Occident. The telescopic handle when with him is allotted to the German Hans Haupt in 1930; even if as of 1705 the French Jean Marius had invented a system folding the umbrella into three in order to arrange it in a pocket.

In India and in the countries of the South-East Asia, the umbrellas are very much used in period of Mousson. A whole market of the repair of the umbrellas was constituted: specialists repair with few expenses an umbrella turned over by the wind, thus increasing the lifespan of a relatively fragile object.

There exist also ultra-compact umbrellas, whose stem is Télescopique and whose whales can fold up themselves into two. Their deployment is automatic: a mechanism with Ressort is released by a pressure on a simple button. The spring is retightened at the time of folding up by the user.

There exist umbrellas for children with the smaller size and more coloured reasons.

Certain umbrellas storms used in the play of golf comprise a vent fabric maintained by elastic straps at their top to limit the catch to the wind and to avoid their reversal in the event of Bourrasque.

Ic denomination Slang

Pip of the name of a character of light comedy.
Brolly or brolly derived from the preceding term.

Sunshade

Conceived on the same system that the umbrella, they are in fabric light and fine, often in Dentelle. They were used to preserve the white dye of the aristocrats at the time of the walks of summer.

In China, as of the 11th century, the sunshade is the prerogative of the noble ones: the branches are manufactured in Bambou or in Santal and the cover is in Feuille S or feather S.

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