Ulysses Simpson Grant (1822 - 1885) is a American Général , chief of staff of the troops of the Union at the time of the American Civil War and the eighteenth President of the United States of America. He is elected for two consecutive mandates of 1869 to 1877.
Although qualified as a General, it is regarded per many historians as being one of the worst presidents of the United States. It directed an administration infested by low registers Scandale S and the Corruption. The historians agree however to say that U. Grant was itself integrates and that the blame must fall down on its government.
Biography
Hiram Ulysses Grant is born on April 27th, 1822 with Point Pleasant (Ohio) in the county from Clermont (to 40 km upstream of Cincinnati (Ohio) on the Fleuve Ohio). His/her parents, Jesse R. Grant and Hannah Simpson, are originating in Pennsylvania. His/her father is Tanneur. With the autumn 1823 they move towards the village of Georgetown Ohio in the Comté of Brown, where Grant passes the major part of its childhood until its 17 years.
At 17 years the deputy of its state makes it enter like Cadet by the Military academy of the United States to West Point, (New York). By error, this deputy registers it under the name of Ulysses S. Grant, name which he appreciates and preserves. He is graduate in 1843, classified 21e in a promotion of 39 pupils.
He Marie with Julia Boggs Tooth (1826 - 1902) the August 22nd, 1843 and they have four children: Frederick Tooth, Ulysses Simpson Junior, Ellen Wrenshall and Jesse Root.
Military career
It serves during the américano-Mexican Guerre under the orders of the generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott, taking part in the battles of Resaca of Palma, Palo Alto, Monterrey and Vera Cruz. By twice it is decorated for acts with bravery: with Molino del Rey and Chapultepec. The next summer, the July 31st, 1854, it resigns of the army. Seven years of civil life follow, during which it is Fermier, Real estate agent with Saint Louis, and finally assisting in the leather company of his father and his brother.
The April 24th, 1861, ten days after the fall of the Strong Sumter, the Grant captain arrives at Springfield (Illinois) with a company of men whom it recruited. The governor estimates that a man left West Point can be put at better profit and it names it Colonel 21e division of infantry of Illinois (starting from the June 17th, 1861). The August 7th it is named Brigadier general of the volunteers. Grant gives to the army Union its first victory of the American Civil War by taking the Fort Henry, Tennessee the February 6th, 1862.
It launches out to the cases of the confederated army and gains impressive but expensive victories with the Bataille of Shiloh, the Bataille of Vicksburg and the Bataille of Chattanooga. Its combativeness and its capacity with being victorious impress the President Lincoln which names it Lieutenant-General the March 2nd, 1864 after having a long time sought a strategist whom can compete with the Général Lee that the Confédérés had put at the head of their troops. The 17 it takes the command of all the armies of the the United States.
A general of its colleagues said that Grant fought like a bulldog. During many battles it orders offensives or maintains the seat of the confederated forces while at the same time these last are attacking. That it chose the offensive or the Grant head office continues its attacks until the capitulation or the retirement of the enemy. These tactics undermine the forces confederated in their inflicting irreplaceable losses but it is at the price of a heavy tribute in the troops of Grant.
Grant gives to the general major William T. Sherman the command of the forces of the western zone and installs its general headquarter in Virginia where it pays his attention on the catch of Richmond (capital of Virginia) which resists the attacks of the army of the Union. In spite of heavy losses and difficult ground, the Armée with Potomac continues implacably the troops of the general Robert E. Lee outcome with a fatal defeat with the battle of the desert (or Bataille of Wilderness), a dubious exit at the time of the Bataille of Spotsylvania and a terrible defeat with the Bataille of Cold Harbor.
In spite of its heavy losses, Grant does not make retirement on Washington. It succeeds in making cross the James River to his troops without Lee realizing and starts of it the Siège of Petersburg. This pressure relentless finally obliges Lee to evacuate Richmond, which is set fire to, and to Appomattox the April 9th 1865 forces it to go. A few weeks later, the American civil war is finished de facto even if the last battle, that of Palmito Ranch, takes place the 12 and May 13rd 1865, where the general confederated Kirby Smith goes with his forces the June 2nd.
After the war the American Congress names it with the very new row of General the July 25th 1866.
Grant is selected like republican candidate with the republican national convention of Chicago the May 20th 1868 without real opposition. It gains a majority of 3.012.833 over a total of 5.716.082 votes recorded with the elections of 1868.
Presidency
1869
March 4th: Nomination of Ulysses S. Grant as an eighteenth president of the United States of America.
1870
March 30th: passage of the 15th amendment to the Constitution giving the right to vote without conditions of race.
1871
October 12th: president Grant condemns the Ku Klux Klan.
1872
August: Grant signs the law creating the first national park with Yellowstone.
November 5th: Grant is re-elected for a second mandate. A feminist, Susan B. Anthony, is stopped and condemned to have tried to vote (Towards end of the year 90, its effigy will appear on the part of 1$ intended to replace the ticket, this part is not more in circulation).
September 20th: the purse panics following the fraudulent faillitte railroad companies. The economy enters a phase of depression which will last six years.
1873
Grant signs a decree allowing to the Indians of the tribe Noses Bored to preserve their grounds of Oregon forever.
1876
Grant authorizes the financing making it possible to finish the monument in homage to Washington.
Military scandal with the defeat of the general George Armstrong Custer with Little Big Horn against the Sioux of Sitting Bull. Grant gives an opinion against Custer and the army classifies the business without investigation.
Foreign politics
Grant tries to annex the Spanish colonies of Saint Domingue and of Cuba but its efforts are not supported by the Congress.
Interior policy
During the disturbed time which follows the assassination of Lincoln, the presidency of Grant passes for one of worst with its strong whiff of scandal, in particular the fraud of whiskey distillings which divert 3 million dollars of taxes. Orville E. Babcock, the private secretary of the president, is accused like member of the network and escapes a judgment only by the presidential pardon. The Minister for the war William W. Belknap is implied in an investigation revealing that it received under the counter payments in exchange of the sale of commercial counter with the Indians of America. Although there is no proof that Grant personally grew rich thanks to corruption by part of its subordinates, it adopted position forever closes against the criminals and either vigorously did not react once their established culpability.
Today, the history makes him justice by charging only one lack to him of understanding in the choice of his/her collaborators.
Grant is worried indirectly business Edgardo Mortara, a Jewish child removed with his family by the Italian catholic authorities, by sending a request to the pope Pie IX requiring the return of the child his parents.
Policy concerning the minorities, the civic rights and immigration
At the end of the American Civil War the question of the civic rights of the black minority remains open. The passage of XVe amendment solves the problem on paper because the laws of application, in particular in the States of the South, will deprive de facto the Blacks of their rights during still several decades.
Policy partisane
Grant is the candidate of the Republican party to the elections of 1868 because of its stature of hero of the American Civil War. There remains popular near the population in spite of the scandals which surround its government and is re-elected in 1872. It wishes to represent third once but the Republican party complies with the rule (not written at that time) of the limit with two mandates.
Reprocess
At the end of its second term Grant travels during two years throughout the world. He visits the town of Sunderland where he opens the first public library of England.
Grant is elected eighth president of the National Riffle Association in 1883.
Grant writes its memories little time before its death whereas it is in final phase of a cancer of the throat and in prey with financial problems after the bankruptcy of its company Grant and Ward . It heroically fights the disease to be able to finish its memories by hoping that its family will benefit from it after her death. It completes them just a few days before dying and succeeds in giving a comfortable income to his wife and her children. He dies the July 23rd, 1885 with the Mount McGregor, in the Comté of Saratoga (New York).
Anecdotes
Grant is known to have attended the living rooms of the Willard hotel, in Washington, to evacuate the pressures due to its function. Many people tried to approach it whereas it crossed the entry (lobby, in English). Grant called them “these crowned lobbyist”; it east can be the origin of the term used currently to nominate the persons who approach the legislators to try to influence their vote.
Homages
Grant and his wife rest with New York close to Riverside Park, on Hudson, in a vault which is largest Mausolée of North America.The portrait of Grant appears on the tickets of fifty American dollars.
A submarine missile launcher of the US Navy disarmed today bears its name, it is the US Ulysses S. Grant (SSBN 631)
| Random links: | Franz Joseph Hugi | Jacques-Guillaume Van Blarenberghe | Route main road 437c | Nanoplancton | Boureck |