The typology of the languages is a method of classification of the languages according to several grammatical criteria and Linguistique S making it possible to classify them in standard and not in genetic families .

Indeed, in spite of the apparent diversity of the languages, one notes the existence of features or concrete phenomena of linguistics commun runs to all the languages of the world, what is called the universals, which were listed and organized by Greenberg in 1963 (Greenberg J., Universals off Language ). Thus, all the languages have elements making it possible to appoint the speaker, the interlocutor and the world of reference (in French, fundamental pronouns je/tu/il): they are functional universals. All the languages know linguistic elements making it possible to distinguish the assertion from the interrogation or the order (intrinsic elements to the functionalities of the language). One finds also everywhere the concepts of negation or modalisation.

In addition, if there exist some 5000 spoken languages in the world, one cannot distinguish 5000 different systems. There exist diagrams common to languages X or Y which however do not have genetic bonds nor historical. It is the observation of these diagrams which makes it possible to establish a typology.

There exist several sets of criteria making it possible to thus classify the languages, among which:

• types of variability of the Meaning S according to the grammatical features (inflected languages, agglutinant languages, insulating languages);
• the use or not of Classifying S;
• the use of the Ergatif or the Accusative ;
• the order of the syntactic functions (Prone Verb Object, SOV, VSO, YOUR, OSV or OVS);
• the presence or not of relative subordinate clauses;
• the type of use that make the speakers as it of them exploits the structure even of the language (Common language, vernacular, liturgical, Koinè, creole, Sabir, Pidgin, etc);
• the number of Phoneme S or the type of phonemes used, etc

The types of languages are not closed and the ones the others are not excluded: to say of a language which it is of the flexional type does not mean that it belongs only to this type; such language can be as much very synthetic, a little flexional and sometimes insulating. Thus French has an insulating word order and an inflection (often complicated) of the verbs…

Be-X-old: Тыпалёгіямоў