See also: Brahé
Tycho Brahe (Tyge Ottesen Brahe) , known as the noble Dane (December 14th, 1546 - October 24th, 1601), is a Astronome Danish.
Biography
Tycho Brahe was born in Knutstorp, in Scanie (Scania or Skåne ), a Danish province then today Swedish. He was elder boys of Otto Brahe and Beatte Bille, both resulting from the Danish nobility. He grows with his uncle Jørgen Brahe who made his heir to it.
A vocation
As of the 14 years age, it observed a eclipse sun predicted by the éphémérides. But its vocation will be born only at the time of one another event: at the time of a conjunction Jupiter-Saturn that best the tables astrononomic S at its disposal had envisaged with an error of several days, uncertainty which shocked it and which it took as a challenge to take up. This event contributed in a decisive way to its vocation.
Chaotic studies
The Tycho young person very early planned to continue scientific studies with the Université of Rostock against the opinion of his father who predestined it with the right and the diplomacy. He thus had to start by studying the right to the universities of Copenhagen and Leipzig in 1560 to follow a very basic, sufficient instruction there at that time so that a member of the nobility occupies a public employment. But, to the knowledge of its governor, it is devoted in addition to mathematics, more sulfurous disciplines such as astronomy, alchemy and astrology.He travels then in Germany and attends the universities of Wittenberg into 1565/1566, Rostock and finally Basle in Suisse.
During this period, Tycho regularly receives money to satisfy its pleasures, it devotes totality of it to the purchase of books and instruments to satisfy its principal interests: the Alchemy and the Astronomy. If it then gets quantity of instruments for the study of astronomy: Quadrant, Astrolabe… it will be the last of the large astronomers observing only with the naked eye.
Anecdote enough cocasse, at the time of a duel with Wittenberg in 1566 with a studying fellow-member, it lost the end of its nose. Other historians report that this mishap would have occurred at the time of an accident. Consequently, it carried a made false gold and money nose.
From return to Denmark in 1570, it recovers to the study and discovers in 1572, a new star in the constellation of Cassiopée as brilliant as Venus (the evening star) and shouts: “ Nova! Nova! … ”. It publishes the following year a news where it writes inter alia the novas are stars which become visible or more remarkable for the observers of the Ground, following an increase in their brightness. Today, one would call this one a Supernova of the type I. This discovery then called in question the immutability of the skies.
Dedication
In 1574, it gave several courses and conferences to the university of Copenhagen. It was convinced as of this time that the advance of astronomy would be built thanks to meticulous persons observations. After a new turn of Germany to meet the greatest possible number of Astronomer S, Brahe accepted the offer of the king Frederic II, which proposed to him to found an astronomical observatory. One gave him an small island, Venn (or Hveen) close to Copenhagen, where it built Uraniborg (“palate of Uranie or Palate of the Skies”, Uranus being the MUSE of Astronomy) which became the most important observatory of Europe. Tycho Brahe was very meticulous person and preserved all the data of its observations. He was regarded by his colleagues and contemporaries as most exact of the observers of the time. It should be noted here that all its observations were made before the invention of the Télescope and of the Lunette.
Principal work
The Large comet of 1577
This Comet (C/1577 V1) is the first whose Parallaxe could be measured, locating it thus formally apart from the Atmosphère.
On the basis of these observation, Tycho showed that it did not belong to the terrestrial atmosphere, as one believed it then, but that it described well an elliptic orbit around the sun beyond the the Moon , recutting those of the Planet S; it drew from it the conclusion which the planets did not rest on transparent solid spheres (famous the " spheres of Crystal "). Although it had preserved the Géocentrisme, it called in question two important points of the model of Ptolémée: the “solidity” of the spheres and the circularity of the movement of the stars; Kepler (1571 - 1630), its pupil, generalized the principle of the elliptic orbits to all planets.
From its observations, Tycho Brahe deduced a system, known as system of Tycho Brahe , which exposed its vision of the Solar system. It was posterior with the system of Nicolas Copernic (1473 - 1543), and the heliocentric point of view of of it challenged but it also refuted the system of Claude Ptolémée (towards 90 - towards 168).
Enough piteously, it will propose only one hybrid system which made turn the Moon and the Sun around our planet, all the others orbiting around the Sun:
- the Ground in the center of the universe;
- the the Moon and the Sun turning around the Earth;
- Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus and Saturn turning around the Sun.
He neglected the earthmoving in his version of the solar system, in spite of what Copernic had proven. This system was adopted by the Jésuites, thus avoiding the system of Copernic which will be declared contrary with the Bible in 1616.
It also built and gauged several instruments itself. It had even its own room of impression. Its observatory of Uraniborg or Uranienborg with Venn, a technical wonder of the time, was visited by several researchers and scientific contemporary.
It promoted a vigilance of daily observation and formed a whole generation of astronomers, inculcating art to them to observe well.
End-of-life
Tycho Brahe, with died of the king Frederic II, loses his patrons. It takes all its goods, and leaves Denmark. He will travel during a few years, then, in 1599, settles with Prague where he works as a mathematician Impérial of the court of the emperor Rodolphe II. He will die there in 1601. Its instruments were preserved there a long moment, but will be finally lost.He would have died following a calculation or of a Septicémie, which would have been the result being itself retained to too a long time urinate during a way of several hours in Carrosse with the emperor Rodolphe II or a long meal. Its death inspired a Czech expression : I do not want to die like Tycho Brahe , pretexting a pressing desire. It is as possible as Tycho Brahe was poisoned according to other sources.
Like the majority of the astronomers before him, Tycho Brahe believed in the Astrologie. It calculated itself besides its clean birth Chart: Tycho Brahe, born on December 14th, 1546 with 10:47 of Greenwich in Scania (Denmark). Sun in 2°07 Capricorn, ACE in 16°38 Aquarius, the Virgin Moon in 23°11, MC in 15°19 Sagittarius.
It is buried in the church of Notre-Dame de Týn, close to the astronomical Horloge with Prague.
The asteroid 1677 Tycho Brahe was named in its honor, in the same way a lunar crater and a crater Martian.
External bonds
- Works of Brahe digitized by the SCD of the University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg.
- Biography of Tycho Brahe
Be-X-old: ТыхаБрагэ Simple: Tycho Brahe
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