Turk

Introduction

The Turkish (in Turkish Türkçe or Türk Dili ) belongs to the family of the Turkish Langues, often regarded as a subclass of the altaïques Langues, like the Mongolian languages from where the term also used of language Turco-Mongolian E. Although the languages of other Turkish-speaking countries (mainly of the republics of old the the USSR) are close to Turkish (especially the Azeri and the Turkmène), there exists all the same of important differences between these languages, that they are of a phonological nature , grammatical or lexical.

In addition to Turkey itself, Turkish used in the old territory of the Ottoman Empire by populations of Turkish origin or Islamized populations, which adopted this language. These Turkish-speaking is numerous in Bulgaria, in Greece (concentrated in Western Thrace), in Turkish République of Cyprus of North, in the north of Iraq (especially with Kirkuk), in Macedonia, in Kosovo, in Bosnia-Herzégovine, in Romania. This is why, Turkish of Turkey is also named “Turkish Othoman” ( Osmanlı Türkçesi ). All confused countries, there exist more than 80 million speakers in the area including 70 million in Turkey.

Turkish is, typologiquement, an agglutinant language strongly . It uses mainly Suffixe S and very few prefixes. It is a language SOV (Subject-Object-Verb). It uses a complex system of vocalic Harmonie, described in detail in the article devoted to on this subject.

Writing

Turkish knew different written forms of which, mainly and by chronological order, the Alphabet of Orkhon (qualified sometimes runiforme because of its fortuitous resemblance to the Scandinavian runes, but also of köktürk or Siberian ), the Alphabet ouïghour and the Arabic alphabet (to also consult Adaptations of the Arabic alphabet). This last was used to note Turkish of Anatolia 13th century at November 1st 1928, date on which the romanisation (baptized “Révolution of the signs”) decided by Mustafa Kemal (Kemal Atatürk) became official, within the framework of its at the same time nationalist policy and modernisatrice of the Turkish company.

Since then, it is the Latin alphabet which is used, enriched by diacritic S (the Cédille, the Circumflex accent and the Brève) as well as astonishing letter typographically, '' I '' without point, ı , which also implies contrary an I capital letter with point I .

The letter ı is used to note the nonround or (“ I velar” or “tended”, names traditional but too dependant on the C-W communication to be able to describe its correspondent correctly), represented by in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

The Turkish alphabet is almost phonetic, which means that one can almost simply pronounce it by reading it (see Prononciation of Turkish). There exist however some irregularities. It contains 29 letters: HAS , B , C , C , D , E , F , G , Ğ , H , I , I , J , K , L , M , NR , O , Ö , P , R , S , Ş , T , U , U , V , Y , Z

Examples

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • Origin of the Turkish language
  • Turkish - Turkish Ethnologist
  • - Joshua project
  • Gate of the Turkish language

Simple: Turkish language

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