tulip
The tulips are a kind of herbaceous plants of the family of the Liliacées, which counts a hundred Espèce S originating in the hot moderate areas of the Old world. Several species are largely cultivated like decorative plants and gave place to the creation of several thousands of varieties.
Aspect botanies
General characteristics of the kind
The tulips are Plante S long-lived Bulbe use with solitary stem, sometimes ramified upwards.
The Feuille S are rather very few. They are alternate, whole, with not very deep, fleshy veins.
The Fleur S have a Périanthe consisted of six Tépale S about similar, the external ones being sometimes a little narrower than the interns. They count six cheesecloth S.
The Fruit is a tripartite capsule containing many seeds.
Distribution and habitat
The species of tulips meet in most of the old world, from Western Europe until the China and with the Japan while passing by Eastern Europe (ex-Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Ukraine), Asia Mineure and the Central Asia. Their diffusion area includes also North Africa and the Indian sub-continent.The center of diversity of the kind is in the mountains of the Pamir and the Hindou Kouch and in the steppes of the Kazakhstan.
There exists in France various species wild, of which much is threatened. They are either large adventitious tulips of the cultures, of which most known is the tulip of Agen ( Tulipa agenensis ), or of small tulips present in the wooded areas or among the rocks in mountain. In culture, one calls them “botanical tulips”, and one of most frequent is the wild tulip ( Tulipa sylvestris ), which formerly often pushed with the shelter of the Vigne S and whose subspecies australis is known under the name of southernmost Tulipe.
Principal species
Wild species present in France
- Tulipa agenensis cd.
- Tulipa aximensis Jord. ex Baker
- Tulipa billietiana Jord.
- Tulipa clusiana cd.
- Tulipa didieri Jord.
- Tulipa gesneriana L.
- Tulipa marjolleti Perrier & Songeon
- Tulipa mauriana Jord. & Fourr.
- Tulipa montisandrei J.Prudhomme
- Tulipa platystigma Jord.
- Tulipa raddii Reboul
- Tulipa sarracenica Perrier
- Tulipa sylvestris L.
- Tulipa sylvestris australis (Link) Pamp. - southernmost Tulip
- Tulipa sylvestris sylvestris
Other species
- Tulipe armena
- Tulipe aucheriana
- Tulipe will biflora
- Tulipe borszczowii
- Tulipe butkovii
- Tulipe carinata
- Tulipe celsiana
- Tulipe cretica
- Tulipe cypria
- Tulipe dasystemon
- Tulipe dubia
- Tulipe edulis
- Tulipe ferganica
- Tulipe gesneriana
- Tulipe goulimyi
- Tulip greigii
- Tulip grengiolensis
- Tulip heterophylla
- Tulip hoogiana
- Tulip humilis
- Tulip iliensis
- Tulip ingens
- Tulip julia
- Tulip kaufmanniana
- Tulip kolpakowskiana
- Tulip kurdica
- Tulip kuschkensis
- Tulip lanata
- Tulip lehmanniana
- Tulip linifolia
- Tulip micheliana
- Tulip Montana
- Tulip orphanidea
- Tulip ostrowskiana
- Tulip polychroma
- Tulip praecox
- Tulip praestans
- Tulip primulina
- Tulip pulchella
- Tulip retroflexa
- Tulip saxatilis
- Tulip sharonensis
- Tulip sprengeri
- Tulip stapfii
- Tulip subpraestans
- Tulipe systola
- Tulipe delayed
- Tulipe tetraphylla
- Tulipe tschimganica
- Tulipe tubergeniana
- Tulipe turkestanica
- Tulipe undulatifolia
- Tulipe urumiensis
- Tulipe urumoffii
- Tulipe violacea
Cultivated tulips
Historical aspects
One allots to Charles of the Lock his introduction in Occident, even if it were to be present already there because of the many commercial exchanges with current the Turkey where the habit wanted that bulbs in gift are offered. One says that a Dutch fabric importer would have found in his goods what it took for a new variety of onions that it cooked and ate, without suspecting that it came, right before the Lock, to discover the tulip.However, it is this plant which is at the origin of the Tulipomanie in Holland at the 17th century, first speculative bubble and financial of the history. It could reach, in its more high summit, fifteen times the wages of a peasant.
It is with the Keukenhof that the floral companies come each spring to present creations of tulips and other flowers to bulb.
A novel of Alexandre Dumas, the black Tulip (1850), has as a subject a contest in the town of Haarlem, aiming at producing a truly black tulip.
Cultivated varieties
The multiple horticultural varieties were classified in several groups, of which:- tulips “ Viridiflora ”: they have partially traced petals of green;
- tulips “Parrot”: these tulips have petals twisted, risen, dishevelled; at the 18th century, they were qualified the “monstrous ones”; this group developed as of the years 1930, when it was discovered that the irradiation of bulbs to x-rays caused this change;
- “fringed” tulips: the end of their petals is finely notched. They are not without pointing out the Dionaea , celebrates carnivorous plant;
- double tulips: these tulips have one, even several rows of additional petals, which are very often only transformed cheesecloths; they are called also tulips peonies;
- the tulips “Fleur-de-lis”: these particularly racées tulips present a fine flower, with very pointed petals deviating at their top.
Culture
In fact plants appreciate the full sun and the places protected from the wind to open out about March-April their flowers out of cut. The bulb appreciates the light and well drained grounds, if not it decays.
The tulips are planted in autumn (rather between October and November, extreme limit being mid-December) in a ground light, sandy, drained, rich, preferably with the shelter of the wind. Flowering takes place in spring, from February to May.
Other significances
The name of Révolution of the Tulips also marked the Kirghizstan in 2005.
External bonds
- detailed Diagram of the cut of an onion of tulip.
- Species of tulips
- the site of association “wild Tulips” devoted to the botanical tulips.
- Photographs of tulips.
Simple: Tulip Zh-min-nan: C-kim-hiong
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