Tsahal - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Tsahal (Hebrew: צבאהגנהלישראל - - Tsva Haganah The-Israel : Israeli defense forces, Hebrew summary by Tsahal ) indicates the Israeli Armée which was founded the May 26th 1948, to replace the former armed organizations, whose principal one was the Haganah. It includes/understands all the army corps of which the Air force, the Marine and of the secret services.

Military capacities

Tsahal is equipped with very sophisticated materials, in particular thanks to an financial aid and material of the United States and at Israeli firms with the point of technology like Elbit Systems, Rafael, IAI… Tsahal has an armor-plated body, a body of navy, the air force and the infantrymen.

the armor-plated body is composed of almost: 4000 tanks (without counting artillery, transport of troops, the hummers and the jeeps). These tanks are Centurions, M60A1 and 3, Merkava 1,2,3 and 4.

the Israeli Marine has 3 submarines (soon 5) " Dolphin" , 15 warships and 48 patrol craft. The navy also counts members of special forces.

the air force is undoubtedly the strong point of Tsahal, it includes/understands more than 710 modern fighters in particular of F16 and F15. The air force includes/understands also 181 combat helicopters. The Israeli air force is also dissociated on the international scene thanks to many the Drones (planes without pilot) of attacks and recognition that produced Israel and uses in the army to avoid any human loss. Thanks to the invention of the " Shouval" , Israel proposed itself and dissociated other manufacturers of drones.

Tsahal counts in its rows approximately: 186500 soldiers but can mobilize: 445000 reservists under the flags, which remains little compared to Iran or in Syria but has a consequent advantage thanks to its military technology. The Israeli firm " Elbit Systems" created the first robot soldier. Indeed, this firm invented the " VIPeR" who is transportable in the backpack of a soldier, armed with Uzi, remote-controlled remotely, able to launch grenades, to draw in Uzi, to go up and go down from the staircases and any ground.

Tsahal also has very powerful missiles like the launcher " Shavit" who has a range of 4.800 km, air-to-ground Popeye-3 missiles of a range of 350 km, air-to-ground missiles guided by GPS, of the cruise missiles, the ballistic missiles like the Jericho 1,2 and probably the 3 which can in theory reach Teheran.

Command

Tsahal was ordered a long time by generals resulting from the bodies " terriens" and in particular of the mechanized armor-plated body. An aviator, the general Dan Halutz, succeeded in August 2005 the general Moshe Yaalon, a parachutist, as a chief of staff of the army.

This nomination marks the recognition of the evolution of Tsahal and the strategic importance taken by the air force with its planes, its helicopters, its drones, its special forces, and of completed work against the Terrorisme in forms of new actions - targeted assassinations - more sparing of the life of the Israeli soldiers than the terrestrial traditional forms.

This nomination marks also the preponderance of the air answer, in the Israeli strategic reflection, vis-a-vis the Iranian nuclear threat and thus constitutes also a clear message with this country. According to the Ziv general: Our doctrines changed, we want to hold the ground by our air domination and our air-to-ground capacity .

But following the conflict of the summer 2006 which opposed Tsahal to the Hezbollah, much protested against the political officials and soldiers of Israel. In particular, the resignations of the Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, of the Minister for Defense Amir Peretz and the Chief of Staff Dan Halutz were required. January 16th, 2006, Dan Halutz presents her resignation.

January 22nd, it is replaced by the general Gabi Ashkenazi. This one had left the army in 2005, following the nomination of Dan Halutz at this station which he coveted. It had then been appointed Managing director of the Ministry for Defense, posts that it occupied until this new nomination. This nomination must still be accepted by the government and a legal commission but it marks already the return of a soldier of infantry to this station.

Evolution

Tsahal, since 1987 and the Palestinian first Intifada, saw a deep change, due, on the one hand, with the debates of the Israeli company divided between a camp of peace and a camp defending a line harder, and on the other hand with a new government scheme and diplomatic, supporting a research strategic depth, giving more importance to the air force and the navy.

The nomination, in August 2005, of a friend close to Ariel Sharon, the general of aviation Dan Halutz as a chief of staff of the army, marks the beginning of a strategic evolution of great importance of Tsahal. It has as an ambition:

to reduce plethoric manpower -: 631500 people -, by reducing the time of Conscription, currently 3 years for the boys and two years for the girls, to which are added one month of reserve per annum;
to renovate the body of the generals;
to reform the training of the young officers, considered to be insufficient, to in particular better prepare them to intervene in complex crises;
to create a body of warrant officers;
to modify the great territorial commands, in " interarmisant" ;
to reinforce the culture of projection of Tsahal;
to integrate the Israeli army in multinational modes of actions.

Israel holds the world records in expenditure of armaments per capita who rises with: 1429$. The period of conscription is three years for the men and two years for the women with one period of one month reserve per annum.

The nuclear question

Although this shutter of Israeli defense neither was never confirmed nor cancelled by the government, the experts regard as certain that Tsahal has a nuclear program. It is allowed, as well on the international national scene than, as it is about a taboo of order Tactique and not truly of a secret program. Israel did not sign the Traité nuclear non-proliferation.

The heart of the Israeli nuclear activity rests in the various installations of the Nuclear plant of Dimona, built by the France in 1956. The majority of the current analysts agree on a fork ranging between 100 and 175 nuclear warheads.

To the sights of their prevalence as regards conventional weapons, Joseph Cirincione of the Carnegie Endownment for Peace , calls into question the strategic interest of weapons of massive destruction for Israel since they encourage the other states of the area to also obtain.

December 11th 2006, Israeli the Prime Minister, Ehoud Olmert, being addressed to German journalists, quotes Israel in the list of the States equipped with the weapon nucléaire^,^,^,. However a few days later, interpretation that Israel would have the nuclear weapon is refuted by an Israeli spokesperson.

See too

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