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Citrus ×paradisi is a Fruit tree of the family of the Rutaceae . It is about a natural Hybride of maximum Citrus and of Citrus sinensis .

Name

Origin

It is in 1693 that seeds of the enormous green citrus maximum Citrus were introduced with the Barbades by the English captain Shaddock tree, better known as Shattuck, which made stopover there on its return in England of the port of Batavia (capital of the Indonesia during the occupation Dutchwoman, today Jakarta). The name which knew the sailors in Asia was Batavi Nibu (Batavia files). Thus the fruit was known in the new world under the name of Shaddock. Certain Dutch sailors used the term pompelmoes but this word is almost non-existent literature of, S since it is used almost exclusively by these Dutch sailors. The pomelo term (note two m) was also of rare use and only by the visitors.

As of 1750 the modern version Citrus ×paradisi had been spread beyond Barbades and was found, in format smaller than the Shaddock tree, in a great part of the the Caribbean and the Bahamas, or it was called “Smaller Shaddock” or “Forbidden Fruit”. At that time in Jamaica, another hybrid of the fruit the “Ugli” was more popular because it was sweetened more.

In 1823 or 1824 count Odet Philippi, which discovered it with the the Bahamas where he was imprisoned by the English after the Bataille of Trafalgar, introduces it in Safety Harbor close to Tampa in Florida. In Florida, the fruit was spread naturally. It is at that time that it took the name of “grapefruit” to the appearance of these grosses gilded bunches.

In 1837 , the botanist James Macfadyen, wrote in “ Flora off Jamaica ” that Citrus paradisi Macf. from a change of maximum Citrus came. It is only in 1948 that the citrus fruits specialists concluded that it acted in fact of a spontaneous hybrid Citrus ×paradisi ( maximum Citrus × Citrus sinensis ).

In 1870 , John A. MacDonald, of Orange County, FL, saw in neighbors this tree dazzling with the gilded fruits presenting itself in bunches and made the purchase of it. It was the first to make the culture of it. The first cargo was sent to New York in 1885, it was a success and marked the beginning of its trade. During first half of the 19th century, one found especially the Cultivar “Duncan” (many pips). It is into 1860 that Marsh developed its clean cultivar with the smaller pips. At the end of the 19th century, the fruit had been spread towards the American west or other changes enabled him to endure the cold. Thus with the Texas appeared “Red Ruby”, and other varieties of rosy.

With the 20th century , certain horticulturists protested on several occasions that an improvement of the name was of setting and suggested the name “Pomelo” (note the m alone), but the consensus was that would create confusion with Pomelo then (note two m) the name is remained unchanged “grapefruit” or " Fruit in grappe".

In 1940 , Citrus ×paradisi was one of the most popular fruits and commun runs with the United States and export started.

Description

The fruit made between 8 and 15 cm diameter and weighs between 300 and 600 grams. Its bark, rather thin, is yellow or pink. Its flesh, very juicy, is yellow and acid for the variety Duncan , or pink and softer for the varieties Ruby or Sunrise . Like grapefruit, the pomelo owes its bitterness with the naringoside (Hétéroside flavonic).

Varieties

The varieties with acid flesh are used to make juices, while the varieties with soft flesh are mainly consumed natural, with the spoon, after being crossed into two. It can also be used in kitchen, or like condiment to replace the Citron.

Production

Today, it is mainly cultivated with the the United States, in Israel, South Africa and Argentine. The annual production is in the few five million tons, the first world producer being the Florida.

The tree can support the Température S slightly negative (- 7 °C) but the savor of the fruit is more Acide when the sunning is weak. In France, one can cultivate it in the littoral areas; the fruit is collected then between November and March.

Use

According to a study of pharmacologists of the University of North Carolina, the Furanocoumarine S which it contains disturb the assimilation of many molecules of drugs with risk of overdose.

Culture

The grapefruits and the pomelos are likely to produce a flower as of their first or second year after sowing. It is about a simple bud final, and he can produce a fruit (it is then necessary to place a tutor to prevent that the seedling does not crumble under the weight of the fruit). After this first simple flower, the seedlings return in their youthful state and will take the usual years before refleurir.

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