Trochilidae

The family of the trochilidés (or Trochilidae ) includes/understands approximately 330 S described as hummingbirds or hummingbirds . These coloured birds meet exclusively in the Americas and one meets of them species at almost all the altitudes, latitudes and biotopes. They are particular in several connections, they can fly backwards and carry out impressive stunt-flyings. They are capable of a night “hibernation” and to see the ultra-violets. Moreover, they have an extremely high metabolism, a relationship between the body mass and the mass of the brain quite as high, a capacity to make complex singing exercises and a capacity of training of the songs comparable with that of the Psittacidae and Passeriformes .

Names naming the representatives of the family

The hummingbirds have standardized names evocative: Hummingbird, Nozzle-in-sickle, hermit, Lance holder, Campyloptère, mango, vain, emerald, dryade, sapphire, ARIANE, shining, INCA, Héliange, érione, High-of-fit, Porte-traîne, Métallure, sylph and Loddigésie. The term “Hummingbird” was essential in good number of languages, including French where it can take several directions what involves a certain confusion. Hummingbird indicates the whole of the Trochilidae , the kind Colibri in this family or can be used in the standardized names of many species of this family. The Cubans prefer to call these birds zunzuncito , word Spanish which wants to say “small zunzun”. Zunzun is an onomatopoeia imitating the noise made by the very fast beat of the wings of the hummingbird. The anglophone term hummingbird is rich direction, because it derives from the verb to hum , which can result in humming and chantonner.

Description

Morphology

In fact small birds with tiny measure from 5 to 22 cm and up to 35 cm at species whose tail carries long Rectrice S. Their wings are long and narrow and the beats of those are very fast i.e. from 8 to 80 times a second. The length of their tail is variable. Their fine Bec is extremely variable length according to the species, of the short nozzles of 1,5 cm to very long 10 cm, of rectilinear with clearly curved. The legs are short and end in tiny and fragile feet. They are apodiformes, i.e. they do not enable them to be posed on the ground, but only on one branch.

The color of the plumage varies the brown one with the green or red with the black. It is often similar to that of the flowers which the birds visit, by Mimétisme. They have the throat or the highly coloured top of the head. Certain feathers have iridescent plates reflective different metal colors according to the angle from which the light comes. Their squameuses feathers, with the hypertrophied barbules, form a compact unit on the body. They are not retained between them as in the other birds. This special structure of the iridescent feathers, with the flattened form, contains particles of air. The hummingbirds have 1.000 feathers compared to 25.000 of the swan S is 300 feathers per gram compared with 4 for the swans.

The sexual Dimorphisme is important at the Trochilinae , the males are coloured and the imitation of the females is more powerful. Whereas the differences between species are often difficult to distinguish with the naked eye at the females and the youthful ones, the determination of the males is easy thanks to the clear specific differences in coloring. In the females of the species to the males coloured or at let us tax duller ( Phaethornithinae ), the length and the shape of the nozzle as their songs is decisive criteria for the identification.

The smallest hummingbird lives with Cuba. With its 2 grams, the Colibri of Helene exceeds hardly 2 cm length and lays smallest eggs in the world while largest giant Colibri with its 20 grams is the and 21 cm.

Food

The hummingbirds are mainly Nectarivore S, nectar constituting 90% of the food mode. Indeed, the flowers profit from the passage of the hummingbirds in their corolla to deposit their pollens on the head of the hummingbird which visits it. These flowers thus benefit from this bird by increasing the probability that this pollen is deposited in another flower of the same species and fertilizes it. The evolution of the oral system of the hummingbirds, language and nozzle, was done in parallel with the adaptation of the flowers.

In addition, to more easily catch the insects, when they open their nozzle, the base of this one increases. This is single in the birds.

Behavior

Territoriality

Reproduction

One is unaware of the majority of the reproductive behaviors of each species. It is supposed that the behavior of the Colibri of Anna could correspond to that several species of North America. It happens that the male is smaller than the female. In general, once coupled, the female builds the nest and raises small only the ; the male seeks to allure other females.

Generally two tiny eggs are laid in a nest in form of cut, built with vegetable matter retained by cobwebs or Soie S of insects. The eggs also are very well protected in a nest resembling the nodes from a branch. Certain specimens of Phaethornithinae lay in the nest of other females.

In general, the hummingbirds produce three types of aural signals, a light buzz, a noise of rattle and a chirp. The buzz, produced by the wings, comes from the friction of the air through the feathers. Mélodieux of the hummingbirds would be the male Colibri with broad tail which, like a virtuoso, implies a very musical sound produced by its wings, a little with the manner of a Criquet. The various buzzes make it possible to distinguish certain species one from the other. This technique of identification helps the observers with good to identify them on the ground and this in spite of the distance. The buzzes are more frequently emitted by the males and it is possible to become of it aware during the displays of air strength and of the stunt-flyings.

They also communicate by using their plumage. Thus, perched on a branch all while being ensured to be well seen by a hummingbird of passage, they deploy the feathers of the throat or the neck in order to address an unambiguous message to him. They also act of the kind by exhibant their quite open tail. This is more frequent in the females and the young people who wish to highlight the white points of the caudal feathers.

The aerobatics are mainly of two types. The first parade is characterized by a light to and from of before behind facing another individual. In this mimicry in form of a small horizontal arc, the feathers of the tail and throat are well deployed. The second aerobatics, often called “the pendulum”, the demonstration are of a greater intensity. It consists of a large arc of from top to bottom circle carried out adopting the shape of large “U” from where the bird can rise from 1 to 12 meters for then joining its perch. At this time, it is possible to hear a buzz produced by the wings and of the squeaking cries. This last parade is specific to the male which would thus testify to its aggressiveness with respect to an other of the same individual sex or to opposite sex. As for the first, it could not be the prerogative of only one sex and would be still there to testify to the hostile feelings towards other hummingbirds. Recent research does not exclude that these parades and these high stunt-flyings are used in other circumstances to communicate their intentions in love with a partner with opposite sex.

One also knows another parade carried out by the two opponents simultaneously, whom one calls: “vertical flight”, the individuals fly from top to bottom on a certain height by facing a distance of less than 1 meter one of the other. This last parade can be accompanied by chirp.

One also recognizes another flight known as “horizontal” which is done on a short horizontal trajectory and can be accompanied by chirp or buzzes. This behavior would be also used to testify its aggressiveness with respect to an other hummingbird and like possible bridal parade.

Direction

Anatomy

Their flight

The hummingbirds are able to very quickly beat wings, 8 to 10 times a second for the giant hummingbird, 20 to 25 beats for the species of intermediate size and more than 70 for smallest. Their beats of wings produce a characteristic humming.

The osseous structure of their wings which one does not find that at the level of the wrist of the other birds ensures a single mobility of the shoulders whereas it is centered on the only from top to bottom directed vertical movement for the other birds. The hummingbirds, thanks to the characteristics of their skeleton can beat wings in all the directions and make unequalled air prowesses. They can fly on the spot while carrying out movements of their wings in form of 8. They are the only birds able to fly behind. Their capers can be carried out at a mean velocity from 30 to 45 kilometers per hour. The flight of before behind or flight in piqué can reach 96 km per hour with to 200 beats a second for a flight in diving. According to American researchers, this bird manages to make balance by beating wings with 75% to the bottom and to 25% upwards. This way of flying points out the flight of certain insects like that of the Sphingidae .

Chorology

Ecology

The hummingbirds live in mediums very diversified, since the Andean forests, with the tropical forests while passing by the moderate Forêts of deciduous trees of the Earth of Fire or Alaska. Certain hummingbirds live only in a very particular Biotope, and even a particular stage of a forest, the other stages being occupied by other species of hummingbirds. This is related to evolutionary symbiosis between certain plants and these birds. The hummingbirds pollinate 58 species of flowers to the Brésil. The Ananas are pollinated by the birds flies, it is besides interdict to import these birds in several areas of the world where these pollinating does not exist, as in the islands Hawaii, not to threaten the outputs. For certain species, they are even the only ones with being able to do it. At least forty species of acarina of this “type” were described.

Distribution

They populate the major part of the America S, except for most of Canada, but meet however in Alaska. They are particularly abundant in the zone néotropicale. The hummingbirds live a broad range of mediums, everywhere where plants push which can feed them in nectar, since the sea level until nearly 5.000 m of altitude, with greatest diversity in sub-mountainous areas. The russet-red Colibri is that which carries out more the migratory long roads. It migrates from Alaska to the areas of the north and the center of Mexico. The Colibri with throat ruby is another migrating being able to cross of only one draft the Gulf of Mexico and traversing thus approximately 1.000 km without any possible halt. In general, the males arrive in first to establish their own territory. Shortly after their arrival, the females occur and determine theirs according to the place of nesting which seems to them most favourable to raise their small family. The males show much aggressiveness towards any other hummingbird which would like to penetrate in its territory, even a female. The latter also shows aggressiveness but on a less level. It is too busy with the construction of the nest and the education of the young people. These species carry out short halts where the individuals reserve territories in places which coincide with the territories of reproduction of other species. Thus one can see at the same time, on the west coast of the the United States, the Colibri of Anna, the Colibri of Allen, and the Colibri of Costa, in period of reproduction while one finds there the Colibri with broad tail and the Colibri calliope, during their migration.

Certain russet-red hummingbirds show a tendency to migrate of west in is during the winter rather than to migrate towards the Central America. This phenomenon always took place, but because of the food prospects provided by the human ones, those survive better than before and transmit their road of migration to their offspring. This species is shown rather resistant and if food and the shelters are sufficient, this population is able to tolerate temperatures of -20°C.

Predatory

Their predatory principal is the small cat-like ones, the Serpent S and the other birds like the falcons Micrastur and of the chevêchettes Glaucidium . The cats are even one of the main causes of the disappearance of the Sephanoides fernandensis with the Chile. Their predatory the most dangerous is in fact the species which plunder the nests like the Corvidae , the Ramphastidae , and some microphone chiroptères. The females regain their nests while flying in zigzags or half-circles to avoid leading a predator directly to the nest.

Classification, denomination and stories

Taxonomy and denomination

The word Trochilidae comes from the Greek and means “small bird”. According to certain sources, the term “hummingbird” would derive from a Caribbean Langue. In the traditional classifications, this family was classified in Apodiformes . The classification of Sibley place this family in the Trochiliformes which is Monotypique, but this assumption is discussed.

The Nectariniidae which their resemble by the color of their plumage or their food, are only more remote parents ( Passeriformes ) which live in the Indian Ocean and the Pacifique. It happens that some of these species are qualified wrongly hummingbird or of hummingbird.

History of the species

The wings of the hummingbirds are hollow and fragile, making fossilization difficult, the history of this family is thus known only thanks to analyzes DNA. It seems that the hummingbirds have a common ancestor with the Martinet S, there are approximately 35 My. Two fossils of very close species, gone back to 29 My, were updated in the Bade-Wurtemberg and named Eurotrochilus inexpectatus . They currently lived in a climate comparable with that of South America. The oldest comparable fossil had been updated in South America and only went back to 1 My.

The Hybridation of the DNA suggests that the radiative explosion initial took place, at least partly, during the Serravallien, between 12 and 13 My, during the emergence of the Andes. These birds passed from an altitude of: 1500 meters with: 2000 meters. They are supposed originating in South America because their diversity is most important there.

Systematic

One counts more than 320 species of hummingbirds divided into America moderate and tropical.

In traditional classification:

─o Caprimulgiformes └─o ├─o │ └─o of many families comprising of the extinct and alive species of which Podargidae , Batrachostomidae , Nyctibiidae └─o Daedalornithes ├─o Aegothelidae └─o ├─o Caprimulgidae └─o Apodiformes ├─o Trochilidae └─o Apodi ├─? Jungornithidae, └─o Laputavis , Aegialornithidae , Hemiprocnidae , Eocypselus , Apodidae of which Cypseloidinae and Apodinae

List species

The Phaethornithinae are considered more primitive than the Trochilinae by certain authors. The Phaethornithinae do not have usual the sexual Dimorphisme of the hummingbirds, the Plume S of the males and those of the females are iridescent.

Hummingbird mottled - Ramphodon naevius (Dumont, 1818)
Nozzle-in-sickle eagle - Eutoxeres aquila (Bourcier, 1847)
Nozzle-in-sickle of Condamine - Eutoxeres condamini (Bourcier, 1851)
Hermit of Dohrn - Glaucis dohrnii (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)
Hermit hirsute - Glaucis hirsutus (Gmelin, 1788)
Hermit bronzed - Glaucis aeneus Lawrence, 1868
Hermit of Rucker - Threnetes ruckeri (Bourcier, 1847)
Hermit of Antonie - Threnetes Niger (Linnaus, 1758)
Hermit with white tail - Threnetes leucurus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Hermit of Gounelle - Anopetia gounellei (Boucard, 1891)
Hermit yaruqui - Phaethornis yaruqui (Bourcier, 1851)
green Hermit - Phaethornis Guy (Lesson, 1833)
Hermit of Osery - Phaethornis hispidus (Gould, 1846)
Hermit with long tail - Phaethornis longirostris (Delattre, 1843)
Hermit with white bits - Phaethornis superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Hermit with long nozzle - Phaethornis malaris (Nordmann, 1835)
Hermit with fawn-coloured belly - Phaethornis syrmatophorus Gould, 1851
Hermit of Koepcke - Phaethornis koepckeae Weske & Terborgh, 1977
Hermit of Filippi - Phaethornis philippii (Bourcier, 1847)
Hermit of Bourcier - Phaethornis bourcieri (Lesson, 1832)
Hermit anthophile - Phaethornis anthophilus (Bourcier, 1843)
Hermit eurynomist - Phaethornis eurynomist (Lesson, 1832)
Hermit of Priest - Phaethornis pretrei (Lesson & Delattre, 1839)
Hermit of Auguste - Phaethornis augusti (Bourcier, 1847)
ocher Hermit - Phaethornis subochraceus Todd, 1915
dull Hermit - Phaethornis squalidus (Temminck, 1822)
Hermit gash - Phaethornis rupurumii Boucard, 1892
dwarf Hermit - Phaethornis longuemareus (Lesson, 1832)
Hermit of Idalie - Phaethornis idaliae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1856)
Hermit of Natterer - Phaethornis nattereri Berlepsch, 1887
reddish Hermit - Phaethornis ruber (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hermit of Stuart - Phaethornis stuarti Hartert, 1897
Hermit with throat black - Phaethornis atrimentalis Lawrence, 1858
Hermit with striped throat - Phaethornis striigularis Gould, 1854
Hermit with gray throat - Phaethornis griseogularis Gould, 1851

Hummingbird of Ecuador - Androdon aequatorialis
Lance holder of Louise - Doryfera ludovicae
Lance holder of Jeanne - Doryfera johannae
Hummingbird of Vat - Campylopterus cuvierii
Campyloptère pampa - Campylopterus curvipennis
Campyloptère with gray belly - Campylopterus largipennis
russet-red Campyloptère - Campylopterus rufus
reddish Campyloptère - Campylopterus hyperythrus
purple Campyloptère - Campylopterus hemileucurus
Campyloptère with white tail - Campylopterus ensipennis “

Campyloptère lazulite - Campylopterus falcatus

Campyloptère of Santa Marta - Campylopterus phainopeplus
Campyloptère of Napo - Campylopterus villaviscensio
mountain Campyloptère - Campylopterus duidae
green Campyloptère and gray - Campylopterus cirrochloris
Hummingbird swallow - Campylopterus macrourus
Hummingbird Jacobin - Florisuga will mellivora
Colibri half-mourning - Florisuga fusca
Hummingbird of Delphine - Hummingbird delphinae
Hummingbird thalassin - Hummingbird thalassinus
Hummingbird anaïs - Hummingbird coruscans
Hummingbird with white belly - Hummingbird serrirostris
Mango with green tie - Anthracothorax viridigula
Mango de Prévost - Anthracothorax prevostii
Mango with black tie - Anthracothorax nigricollis
Mango de Veragua - Anthracothorax veraguensis
Mango gilded - Anthracothorax dominicus
green Mango - Anthracothorax viridis
Mango of Jamaica - Anthracothorax mango
Hummingbird avocet - Anthracothorax recurvirostris
Hummingbird topaz - Topaza peeled
Colibri Madeira - Eulampis jugularis
Colibri falle-green - Eulampis holosericeus
Colibri ruby-topaz - Chrysolampis mosquitus
crested Colibri - Orthorhyncus cristatus
Hummingbird with head violet - Klais guimeti
Hummingbird of Delalande - Stephanoxis lalandi
Hummingbird of Bee - Abeillia abeillei
Vain humming-bird - Lophornis ornatus
Vain of Gould - splendid Lophornis gouldii
Vain - Lophornis magnificus
Vain of Guerrero - Lophornis brachylophus
Vain of Delattre - Lophornis delattrei
Vain spangled - Lophornis stictolophus
Vain chalybée - Lophornis chalybeus
Vain peacock - Lophornis pavoninus
Vain of Helene - adorable Lophornis helenae
Vain - Lophornis adorabilis
Vain of Popelaire - Discosura popelairii

Vain of Langsdorff - Discosura langsdorffi
Vain of Létitia - Discosura letitiaea

Vain with fine tail - Discosura conversii
Vain with rackets - Discosura longicauda

Hummingbird with black head - Trochilus polytmus
Hummingbird with black nozzle - Trochilus scitulus

Hummingbird with blue chin - Chlorostilbon notatus
Emerald orvert - Chlorostilbon mellisugus

Emerald of Olivares - Chlorostilbon olivaresi
splendid Emerald - Chlorostilbon aureoventris

Emerald of Ricord - Chlorostilbon ricordii
Emerald of Hispaniola - Chlorostilbon swainsonii

Emerald of Puerto Rico - Chlorostilbon maugaeus
coppered Emerald - Chlorostilbon russatus

Emerald with narrow tail - Chlorostilbon stenurus
Emerald Alice - Chlorostilbon Alice

Emerald with short tail - Chlorostilbon poortmani
distinguished Hummingbird - Panterpe insignis

Hummingbird elvire - Elvira will chionura
Colibri with coppered head - Elvira cupreiceps

Hummingbird of Oaxaca - Eupherusa cyanophrys
Hummingbird of Guerrero - Eupherusa poliocerca

Hummingbird with shoulder pads - Eupherusa eximia
Hummingbird with black belly - Eupherusa nigriventris

Hummingbird of Pirré - Goethalsia bleated
Colibri with cap violet - Goldmania violiceps

Colibri sinks - Cynanthus sordidus
Hummingbird circé - Cynanthus latirostris

Hummingbird with blue head - Cyanophaia bicolor
Dryade of Mexico - Thalurania ridgwayi

Dryade crowned - Thalurania colombica
Dryade de Fanny - Thalurania fannyi

Dryade with tail fourchue - Thalurania furcata
Dryade de Waterton - Thalurania watertonii

Dryade glaucope - Thalurania glaucopis
Hummingbird Julie - Damophila juliae

Hummingbird false-sapphire - Lepidopyga coeruleogularis
Hummingbird of Lillian - Lepidopyga lilliae

Hummingbird of Goudot - Lepidopyga goudoti
Sapphire of Elicia - Hylocharis eliciae

Sapphire with russet-red throat - Hylocharis sapphirina
Sapphire blued - Hylocharis cyanus

Sapphire with gold tail - Hylocharis will chrysura
Sapphire Ulysses - Hylocharis grayi

Sapphire oenone - Chrysuronia oenone
Hummingbird with white throat - Leucochloris albicollis

Hummingbird guaïnumbi - Polytmus guainumbi
Hummingbird of the tepuis - Polytmus milleri

Hummingbird all-green - Polytmus theresiae
misleading Hummingbird - Leucippus fallax

Hummingbird of Tumbes - Leucippus baeri
Hummingbird of Taczanowski - Leucippus taczanowskii

Hummingbird with green tail - Leucippus chlorocercus
ARIANE with white belly - Leucippus chionogaster

ARIANE of Peru - Leucippus viridicauda
Hummingbird grivelé - Leucippus hypostictus

ARIANE with gray belly - Amazilia tzacatl
ARIANE with russet-red belly - Amazilia castaneiventris

ARIANE de Lesson - Amazilia amazilia
ARIANE alticole - Amazilia alticola

ARIANE of Yucatan - Amazilia yucatanensis
ARIANE grooves - Amazilia glowed

ARIANE green-gilded - vareigated Agyrtria leucogaster
ARIANE - Agyrtria versicolor

ARIANE of Rondonia - Agyrtria rondoniae
ARIANE with white chest - Agyrtria brevirostris

ARIANE de Francia - Agyrtria franciae
ingenuous ARIANE - Agyrtria candida

ARIANE with crown azure - Agyrtria cyanocephala
ARIANE with crown violet - Agyrtria violiceps

ARIANE with green face - Agyrtria will viridifrons
ARIANE de Linné - Polyerata fimbriata

ARIANE sapphirine - Polyerata lactea
pleasant ARIANE - Polyerata amabilis

ARIANE de Rosenberg - Polyerata rosenbergi
ARIANE de Boucard - Polyerata boucardi

ARIANE de Lucy - Polyerata luciae
ARIANE of Sophie - Saucerottia saucerrottei

ARIANE with blue face - Saucerottia will cyanifrons
ARIANE d' Edward - Saucerottia edward

ARIANE with blue tail - Saucerottia will cyanura
ARIANE beryl - Saucerottia beryllina

ARIANE with green belly - Saucerottia viridigaster
ARIANE with coppered tail - Saucerottia cupreicauda

ARIANE de Félicie - Saucerottia tobaci

Hummingbird with white cap” - Microchera albocoronata

Hummingbird with pink head - Anthocephala floriceps

Hummingbird of Buffon - Chalybura buffonii

Hummingbird with bronzed tail - Chalybura urochrysia

Hummingbird with blue throat - Lampornis clemenciae

Hummingbird with throat amethyst - Lampornis amethystinus
Hummingbird green-of water - Lampornis viridipallens

Hummingbird of Sybil - Lampornis sybillae
Hummingbird with throat lilac - Lampornis hemileucus

Hummingbird with belly châtain - Lampornis castaneoventris
Sapphire of Xantus - Basilinna xantusii

Sapphire with white ears - Basilinna leucotis
Hummingbird with garnet-red throat - Lamprolaima rhami

Hummingbird moucheté - Adelomyia melanogenys
Hummingbird with semi-white tail - Phlogophilus hemileucurus

Hummingbird of Hartert - Phlogophilus harterti
Hummingbird ruby-emerald - Clytolaema rubricauda

Brilliance with blue stringcourse - Heliodoxa aurescens
Shining rubinoïde - Heliodoxa rubinoides

Brilliance with purple face - Heliodoxa leadbeateri
Brilliance with green crown - Heliodoxa xanthogonys

Brilliance with black throat - Heliodoxa schreibersii
Brilliance with pink throat - Heliodoxa gularis

Brilliance of Branicki - Heliodoxa branickii
Shining empress - Heliodoxa imperatrix

Shining iron-of-lance - Heliodoxa jacula
Hummingbird of Rivoli - Eugenes fulgens

Hummingbird with tail out of scissors - Hylonympha macrocerca
Hummingbird with chest violet - Sternoclyta cyanopectus

Hummingbird of Bouguer - Urochroa bougueri
flavescent Hummingbird - Boissonneaua flavescens

Hummingbird of Matthews - Boissonneaua matthewsii
Colibri of Gardens - Boissonneaua jardini

Colibri étincelant - Aglaeactis cupripennis
Colibri of Castelnau - Aglaeactis castelnaudii

Colibri of Alice - Aglaeactis aliciae
Colibri Pamela - Aglaeactis Pamela

Colibri Estelle - Oreotrochilus estella
Hummingbird of Chimborazo - Oreotrochilus chimborazo

Hummingbird of Stolzmann - Oreotrochilus stolzmanni
Hummingbird with white sides - Oreotrochilus leucopleurus

Hummingbird with black drill plate - Oreotrochilus melanogaster
Hummingbird Adele - Oreotrochilus adela

Hummingbird of Lafresnaye - Lafresnaya lafresnayi
celestial INCA - Coeligena coeligena

brown INCA - Coeligena wilsoni
black INCA - Coeligena prunellei

INCA with collar - Coeligena torquata
INCA de Gould - Coeligena INCA

INCA with white tail - Coeligena phalerata
INCA gilded - Coeligena eos

INCA de Bonaparte - Coeligena bonapartei
INCA porphyry - Coeligena helianthea

INCA with blue gem - Coeligena lutetiae
INCA violifère - Coeligena violifer

INCA iris - Coeligena iris
Hummingbird carry-sword - Ensifera will ensifera

Colibri with wings sapphire - Pterophanes cyanopterus
giant Colibri - Patagona gigas

Colibri of Chile - Sephanoides sephanoides
Colibri robinson - Sephanoides fernandensis

Héliange March - Heliangelus mavors
Héliange de Clarisse - Heliangelus Clarisse

Héliange with throat amethyst - Heliangelus amethysticollis
Héliange with blue tail - Heliangelus strophianus

Héliange tourmaline - Heliangelus exortis
small Héliange - Heliangelus micraster

Héliange violet - Heliangelus violated
royal Héliange - Heliangelus regalis

Érione with black dress - Eriocnemis nigrivestis
Érione pattue - Eriocnemis vestitus

Érione de Derby - Eriocnemis derbyi
turquoise Érione - Eriocnemis godini

Érione with belly coppered - Eriocnemis cupreoventris
Érione Catherine - Eriocnemis luciani

Érione with blue belly - Eriocnemis sapphiriopygia
Érione with gold chest - Eriocnemis will mosquera

Érione with blue face - Eriocnemis glaucopoides
multicoloured Érione - Eriocnemis mirabilis

Érione d' Aline - Eriocnemis alinae
Érione d' Aurélie - Haplophaedia aureliae

Érione with russet-red legs - Haplophaedia assimilis
Érione frosted - Haplophaedia lugens

Hummingbird of Benjamin - Urosticte benjamini
Hummingbird with under-caudal russet-red - Urosticte ruficrissa

High-of-fit with pallets - Ocreatus underwoodii
Porte-traîne lesbie - Lesbia victoriae

Train ferry nouna - Lesbia nuna
Hummingbird sapho - Sappho will sparganura

Colibri of Bourcier - Polyonymus caroli
Colibri with small nozzle - Ramphomicron microrhynchum

Colibri with black back - Ramphomicron dorsal
noble Colibri - Oreonympha nobilis

helmeted Colibri - Oxypogon guerinii
Métallure emerald - Metallura tyrianthina

Métallure gilded - Metallura iracunda
Métallure with bronze tail - Metallura aeneocauda

Métallure with throat fire - Metallura eupogon
Métallure of Therese - Metallura theresiae

Métallure de Chinguela - Metallura odomae
Métallure of Baron - Metallura baroni

Métallure green - Metallura williami
Métallure phébé - Metallura phoebe

Métallure with russet-red head - Chalcostigma ruficeps
Métallure olivâtre - Chalcostigma olivaceum

Métallure de Stanley - Chalcostigma stanleyi
Métallure with bronzed tail - Chalcostigma heteropogon

Métallure rainbow - Chalcostigma herrani
Hummingbird avocettin - Opisthoprora will euryptera

Colibri comet - Taphrolesbia griseivenstris
Sylphe with tail of azure - Aglaiocercus kingi

Sylph with tail violet - Aglaiocercus coelestis
Sylph of Venezuela - Aglaiocercus berlepschi

superb Hummingbird - Augastes scutatus
Hummingbird lumachelle - Augastes lumachella
Hummingbird of Geoffroy - Augastes geoffroyi
fairy-like Hummingbird - Heliothryx barroti
Hummingbird oreillard - Heliothryx aurita
Hummingbird with crested of gold - Heliactin bilopha
admirable Loddigésie - Loddigesia mirabilis
Hummingbird of Constant - Heliomaster canstantii
Hummingbird corinne - Heliomaster longirostris
Hummingbird médiastin - Heliomaster squamosus
Hummingbird of Angele - Heliomaster furcifer
Hummingbird vesper - Rhodopis vesper
Colibri will cora - Thaumastura will cora
Colibri zémès - Tilmatura dupontii
Colibri with singular tail - Doricha will enicura
Colibri elects - Doricha eliza
Colibri of the Bahamas - magenta Calliphlox evelynae
Colibri - Calliphlox bryantae
Colibri of Mitchell - Calliphlox mitchellii
Colibri amethyst - Calliphlox amethystina
Colibri of Burmeister - Microstilbon burmeisteri
Colibri lucifer - Calothorax lucifer
charming Colibri - Calothorax pulcher
dwarf Colibri - Mellisuga minima
Hummingbird of Helene - Mellisuga helenae
Hummingbird with throat ruby - Archilochus colubris
Hummingbird with black throat - Archilochus alexandri
Hummingbird of Anna - Calypte ass
Hummingbird of Costa - Calypte costae
Hummingbird héloïse - Atthis heloisa
Hummingbird of Elliot - Atthis ellioti
Hummingbird calliope - Stellula calliope
Hummingbird fanny - Myrtis fanny
Hummingbird of Arica - Myrtis yarrellii
Hummingbird with short tail - Myrmia will micrura
Colibri of Mulsant - Chaetocercus mulsant
Colibri bumblebee - Chaetocercus bombus
Colibri héliodore - Chaetocercus heliodor
Colibri of Santa Marta - Chaetocercus astreans
Colibri of Berlepsch - Chaetocercus berlepschi
Colibri of Jourdan - Chaetocercus jourdanii
Hummingbird flammule - Selasphorus flammula
scintillating Hummingbird - Selasphorus scintillated
burning Colibri - Selasphorus ardens
Colibri with broad tail - Selasphorus platycercus
russet-red Colibri - Selasphorus rufus
Colibri of Allen - Selasphorus sasin

Hybrids

Few hybridizations gave place to a scientific study. One can however quote that of Amazilia tzacatl × Amazilia glowed , that of Hylocharis leucotis × Selasphorus platycercus or that of Selasphorus sasin × Calypte ass .

Threats

Two species are indexed like extinct by UICN in 2007, Chlorostilbon elegans and Chlorostilbon bracei . Lophornis brachylophus , Lepidopyga lilliae , Amazilia luciae , Amazilia castaneiventris , Aglaeactis aliciae , Coeligena orina , Sephanoides fernandensis , Eriocnemis nigrivestis , Eriocnemis godini , Eriocnemis mirabilis are in critical danger of extinction. The Ohlone S tell that the hummingbird brought fire to the men. One of the Géoglyphes de Nazca depicts a hummingbird.

Current culture

Trinity-and-Tobago is asserted like “the ground of the hummingbird” and a hummingbird is reproduced on the coins of one hundred as well as on the logo of the national airline company, Caribbean Airlines.
Several English popular songs had as a title “ Hummingbird ”, the translation for hummingbird.
In Brazil, a buzz of black hummingbird is a sign of died in the family, particularly if it takes place inside a house.

Economic importance

In the past, hummingbirds were actively driven out for their feathers which were employed to make jewels and to decorate clothing. They were also captured to furnish the zoos and the private collections. Certain hummingbirds are always sold on the markets as Aphrodisiaque S although no proof of effectiveness in this field was never shown.

The hummingbirds have a notable importance on the ecosystem while being the pollinating single ones of many plants. The presence of these birds can attract the amateurs of ecotourism.

Passion of the public for the hummingbirds

Hummingbirds, by their coloured aspect, their songs, and the fact that they butinent the flowers of the gardens are popular. The gardeners loving these birds choose the flowers which they cultivate to attract the greatest number of species.

These birds appear all the more fragile as it happens that the hummingbirds find themselves captive inside the houses. Consequently, their reflex is to fly upwards, they cannot thus leave more and dies in less than one hour, being given their metabolism. Consequently specific mangers are laid out to nourish them with the the United States. These mangers particularly replace the gardens of flowers in beginning and end of season. Synthetic nectar is composed of sugar. Honey is to be avoided because it contains harmful bacteria for the hummingbirds, the sweetening substance S too not very calorific are to be proscribed, the Colorant S are probably toxic. It is recommended to simply use water and sugar, to change the contents of the tank regularly, according to heat, and to clean it well each time to avoid the development of Bactérie S. Of the mangers with concentration in different Sucre can allow the hummingbirds various sizes to create a hierarchy which will make it possible smallest to reach the mangers confiscated by largest.

See too

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