See also: Trnava (homonymy)

Trnava (in Hungarian Nagyszombat , in German Tyrnau ) is a Western town of Slovakia, to 143 m of altitude, 43 km in the North-East of Bratislava, the capital, to which connect railroad and highway. In 2001, it counts 70.286 inhabitants. Chief town of the area which bears its name. Because of its many churches, it is sometimes called “Rome of Slovakia”.

History

Founded in XIIIe century, it received from the king de Hongrie Bela IV its charter of privileges as of 1238. It concerned directly the royal authority consequently and experienced a fast development. Initially agricultural center, it became a center of trade and very active craft industry, equipped with a powerful system of fortification protecting a surface from 60 ha. Ramparts, gates and ditches make it impregnable. The arrival of religious orders (Claristes, Franciscains and Dominicains) reinforced it.

The importance of the city is reinforced by various royal meetings: in 1327, the king of Hungary Charles Robert of Anjou sign a monetary treaty with the king of Bohemia Jean of Luxembourg. The Louis Emperor 1st of Anjou, king de Pologne and of Hungary, which had signed a treaty of friendship with the king of Bohemia Charles IV the September 10th 1382, there dies little of time afterwards.

As of the Middle Ages, Trnava was a center of Gothic art crowned like layman: Church St Nicolas, Co.-Helene Church, etc Of 1432 with 1435, the city is controlled by the Hus sites. The conquest of central Hungary by the Turks causes the arrival of Hungarian emigrants. The catch of Esztergom brings the Archbishop and his chapter to be settled in Trnava, which becomes the arts center and religious country. Mgr Nicolas Oláh amalgamates an old council school and the school of the chapter and enacts in 1544 famous rules. In 1561, the Jesuits are invited to develop the school system and a printing works functions as of 1577. During the Rebirth, the city continues to develop. The repetition of the Turkish threat brings to rebuild the forifications.

The XVIIe century is one century harmful for Slovakia, part of Hungary in perpetual opposition with its Austrian sovereign. Nevertheless the university of Trnava (only on the territory of the kingdom of Hungary) is created by the Cardinal Peter Pázmány in 1635, with a Faculty of Arts then a Faculty of Law in 1667 and a medical college to the next century. The language of teaching was Latin there. In 1777, the university leaves Trnava for Buda before the archbishop's palace does not turn over to Esztergom (this university is today with Budapest: cf ELTE ) Trnava loses its importance then, whereas its architecture is marked by the baroque.

Anton Bernolák, which lived in Trnava at the XVIIIe century, there established the center of Slovenské učené tovarišstvo.

At the XIXe century the hospital in is open 1824, then the theater in 1831. The synagogs of Trnava are built at that time and the first railway opens in 1846 between Presbourg and Trnava. this rail link allowed an economic development: sugar refinery, brewery, factories. The city leaves its ramparts of the first suburbs are built starting from the end of the century.

With the administrative reform of 1996, Trnava becomes chief town of area.

Economy

In 2003, PSA Peugeot Citroen decided to establish a automobile factory to with it great capacity. Starting of the series production: summer 2006. This new factory will have an annual production capacity of 300  000 vehicles in three teams, is a time capacity of 55 vehicles per hour. It is dedicated to the production of vehicles of platform 1 (small vehicles) to begin with the Peugeot 207. The official unveiling of the site took place the October 19th 2006 in the presence of the chairman Jean-Martin Folz and of the Prime Minister Robert Fico. In 2009, the site will assemble also another model of the group.

Personalities

• Tatana Kucharova, born with Trnava, Miss Monde 2006

Sports

The club of Football of the city is the Spartak Trnava, several times champion of Czechoslovakia.

See too

• Gavranfest : festival of theater with Trnava

External bonds

• Official site of the town of Trnava (into Slovak and English)
• Official site of the university of Trnava with Trnava
• Site of the university Cyrille and Method with Trnava
• Official site of the area of Trnava

Simple: Trnava

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