Trinovantes

The Trinovantes (or Trinobantes ) were one of the Celtic people brittonic most powerful of the protohistoire of the Great Britain, before the Roman occupation. They are known to us by several literary sources: Jules César ( Comments on the War of Gaules ), Auguste ( LMBO Gestae Divi Augusti ), Tacit ( Annals ) and, much more tardily, by compilations of Geoffroy de Monmouth ( Historia Regum Britanniae ).

Their territory was located at the north of the estuary of the the Thames, in current the counties of Essex and Suffolk. Their capital Camulodunon was located on the place of the current town of Colchester, one of the supposed localizations of Camelot.

They had as neighbors the Icènes in north, the Catuvellauni in the west and the Cantiaci in the south.

At the first century before J. - C. they were all the more powerful as they had been combined with their neighbors Catuvellauni. They controlled the area of Cantium thus (current Kent). According to César, during his first forwarding in 55-54, their king would have been Imanuentius, but it is confirmed by no other source. At that time their capital is Braughing (Hertfordshire). It would have been reversed by Cassivellaunos (Catuvellauni) which, thereafter, directed the coalition of the two people. During the second Roman forwarding, it is beaten by César, which replaces it by his/her Mandubracius son, who had taken refuge in Gaulle. Trinovantes pay a tribute in Rome. The following sovereign, attested by evidence numismatics, is Addedomaros, which seizes the power towards 20-15 before J. - C. It is under its reign that the capital is moved in Camulodunon. Towards -10, emitted currencies with Camulodunum by Tasciovanus of Catuvellauni suggest a provisional catch being able, before the return of Addedomaros, perhaps under the pressure of the Romans. His/her son succeeds to him between 10 and 5 av. J. - C. but a little later Trinovantes are finally conquered either by Tasciovanus, or by his/her Cunobelinus son

Trinovantes reappear in the History at the time of their participation in the revolt of Boudicca against the Roman empire in 60 after J. - C.

Their name reappears with the Moyen-âge in the legend relating to the origin of the name of London. Geoffrey de Monmouth, in its Historia regum Britanniae claims that the name is derived from “Troi-novantum” or “New Troy”, captions according to which that Brittany was founded by Brutus of Brittany and other descendants of the heroes of the Trojan War.

The first currencies which are ascribable for them are out of bronze and go back to 100 av. J. - C. Towards -70, one finds gold statères, then towards -50 appear silver coins.

The style of their rich person burials (see Facies of Aylesford) is of continental origin and attests of their membership of the Belgian people. The etymology of their name confirms it since the direction is “very new”, in the direction of “new arrivals”.

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