See also: Trial (homonymy)
The trial is a sporting discipline with motor bike, with Vélo, in the bicycle monocycle, car or Camion. Trial means “English test”, because success is not assured. The trial consists in, indeed, crossing natural or artificial obstacles. It was born in the United Kingdom at the beginning from XXème century, practiced by “gentlemen farmers” on traditional motor bikes. The original English name is “observed trial” .
The trial is a sport where the concept speed does not intervene, only time limits are imposed.
In competition this sport is practiced spring with the autumn in outside ( “outdoor” ) and in winter inside ( “indoor” ). The indoor from its very important difficulty is rather reserved to the best pilots.
The trial in the motor bike
Payment
A competition “outdoor” of motor bike trial proceeds on a circuit (interzone) of about fifteen kilometers, on which are delimited sections (zones) in which the competitors, each one in their turn, try to cross obstacles (rocks, slope, roots, etc) while posing the least possible of feet with ground, all the pilots evolving/moving successively in the same zones. But, according to their qualities of pilots, they evolve/move in different layouts. There exist several levels of difficulties going from the beginner (promotion) to the pilot elite (expert).In the motor bike trial, the categories are: Promotion, S3, S2, S1, Expert 1, Expert 2, veteran The pilots circulate first of all with foot in each zone to observe the ground, to see the delicate passages and to observe others pilot of their category pass in the zone. Then, they are entitled to only one passage in the motor bike by turn. Several police chiefs enter the number of feet posed by the competitor and allot a total of points. Each competitor carries a small paperboard (tie) on which the police chief will punch the number of points allotted to the pilot. At the end of each turn (3 in general) the pilot will give his tie to the office of the inscriptions which will add up the number of points and this office will make the total of the points obtained on the total of the turns. The victorious pilots will be those, in each category, having less points.
; Penalties
- 1 foot = 1 point
- 2 feet or 2 supports = 2 points
- 3 feet or 3 supports, and more = 3 points
- failure = 5 points
- time assigned to cross a zone: 1 ' 30"
- retreat of the motor bike;
- falls;
- handlebar touching the ground;
- to have the 2 feet of same with dimensions of the motor bike or behind the axis postpones motor bike;
- shutdown with support;
- outside assistance;
- to leave the zone delimited with any wheel;
- to cross with back a door;
- to carry out a loop (a full rotation) in the zone;
- to exceed assigned time.
Associations
The FM (French federation of Motor bike) and UFOLEP are the federations of trial in France.The club ATAQ (Association of the trialists amateurs of Quebec) is a famous association of Canada.
Features
The characteristics of these motor bikes are:- a weak weight (approximately 70 kg),
- of the dimensions reduced,
- an engine whose couple plays a part more important than the power itself,
- Gear box with 5 short ratios on the old machines and 5 or 6 reports/ratios on the machines after 1990,
- not of saddle to facilitate the placement of the pilot,
- of the wheels equipped with tires with inflated cramps with low pressure (between 350 and 450 g/cm ²) for a better ahérence,
- a flexible suspension to support the Adhérence and displacements,
- equipment of series conforms to the highway code returning the machine approved on public highway,
- a prevalence of the driving 2 times, but an arrival noticed of the driving 4 times since 2003. In the years 1980, the Belgian pilot Eddy Lejeune, several times world champion on a Honda at 4 times had already proven the performances of this type of engine in spite of its higher weight; despite everything, the engine 2 times remains majority in Trial.
These characteristics confer on these motor bikes a very great handiness and a capacity of crossing out of the commun run.
Motor bikes of trial today
The principal marks are the following ones:- Beta (Italy)
- Sherco (Spain)
- Gas-gas (Spain) * Montesa (Spain) associated with Honda (Japan)
- Scorpa (France) associated with Yamaha (Japan)
The cubic capacities go from 50 cm ³ to 300 cm ³ approximately, the most adapted cubic capacity being at the neighborhoods of 250 cm ³.
The championship of the world of trial
See also: List of the world champions of trial indoor, List of the world champions of trial outdoor
In the motor bike, this discipline is dominated by the Spaniards, the British and the Japanese. The last French world champions are Gilles Burgat in 1981 then Thierry Michaud into 1985,1986 and 1988. In 2004, Adam Raga holds the championship of the world indoor (FIM) and Takahisa Fujinami gained the championship outdoor putting thus fine at seven years of domination of Doug Lampkin. This last is regarded as the best trialist of all times because it gained seven times the Outdoor title like five times the title indoor, in a consecutive way. The other best trialist of all times is called Jordi Tarrès. He was Outdoor world champion in 1987 then of 1989 to 1994. The Spaniard Adam Raga with taken down in September 2005 its first world crown in outdoor with the handlebar of a Gas-gas.
In February 2007, Toni Bou gains its first Indoor title at 20 years with Montesa 4 times. It is besides, the first Indoor title for a motor bike 4 times.
The championship of France of trial
In Expert Championship of France, one can note the domination of Bruno Camozzi Pilote Gas Gas, 13 Champion times of France since 1992. Its career had just a white on wound in 2004 then his/her brother Christophe Camozzi took its title in 2005 to him (Bruno, vice-champion). Bruno took it again in 2006.In 2007, the expert champion of France is Jerome Béthune on Beta.
The trial in the old motor bike
The trial is also practiced with old motor bikes on layouts similar to those of the time of these machines, with obstacles adapted to their performances where one privileges more the technique of passage than the taking risk.UFOLEP is the most active federation of the trialists to old.
AFATA (French Association of the Amateurs of Trial to Old) is the organizing association of the Championship of motor bikes trial to old. Two important categories exist: pre 65 and the post 65 to the neighborhood of 1985.
Types of machines: Machines of before 1965 primarily of the English engine motor bikes 4 times: Triumph, BSA, Ariel, AJS, Matchless, etc or with engine 2 times: Greeves, James, etc but also some marks of French motor bikes: Motobécane, Peugeot or allemandes: Zundapp.
Machines of 1965 to 1985 with much of Spanish motor bikes: Montesa, OSI, Bultaco, or Italians: SWM, Fantic, or Japanese women: Honda, Yamaha, Suzuki, Kawasaki.
Principal characteristics of the post 65: braking with drum on the two wheels, 2 Shock absorber S with the back, a Driving with air cooling.
After 1985, motor bikes of trial equipped with brakes disc ou/et of monoamortissor postpones ou/et liquid cooling cannot claim with name “motor bike old” and cannot take part in championship AFATA.
The trial with bicycle
Payment
The competitions of trial with bicycle proceed in outdoor or indoor in the same way. According to the competition, one finds from 4 to 6 zones approximately, to traverse 3 to 5 times, in which the competitors, each one in their turn, try to cross the obstacles such as rocks, slope, roots, the etc, while posing least possible of feet with ground. All the pilots evolve/move successively in the same courses called zones. But according to their qualities of pilots, they evolve/move in different layouts. There exist several levels of difficulties going from the beginner to the pilot elite. In these zones, one or more police chiefs enter the number of feet posed by the competitor and allot a total of points (see table). Each competitor carries a small paperboard on which the police chief will punch the number of points allotted to the pilot. At the end of each turn, the pilot will give his chart to the office of the inscriptions which will add up the number of points and this office will make the total of the points obtained on the total of the turns. The victorious pilot will be the pilot having less points.; Penalties
- 1 foot = 1 point
- 2 feet = 2 points
- 3 feet = 3 points
- 4 feet = 4 points
- 5 feet, falls, the 2 feet at the same time = 5 points
- Temps assigned to cross a zone: 2 ' 30" or 2 ' (according to the payments)
FC (French federation of Cycling) is the most important federation of trialists bicycle, but UFOLEP also gathers many pilots, especially in the south of France.
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In Switzerland there is Swiss Cycling
Features
There exist two principal types of bicycles of trial: the VTT Trial with the wheels of 26 inches, and bicycles of trial to the wheel of 20 inches (size BMX).-
a specific framework of the category of selected bicycle: for a bicycle with wheels of 20 inches, the framework is connected with that of a BMX, longer and for a bicycle with wheels of 26 inches, the framework resembles has that of a usual VTT, in spite of a lower “saddle”, a case of higher pedals and a position upright obligatory.
- a weak weight: 8 to 9 kg for the top-of-the-range bicycles,
- a specific geometry: a lengthened footing, approximately 1.080 mm for the modern bicycles,
- a cockpit raises and a widened handlebar, base camps shortened, and, on the recent bicycles, a case of pedals raises few centimetres,
- not speeds or then far from functional on the bicycles 26 inches, which tend to disappear,
- not of saddle to facilitate the placement of the pilot, or a saddle symbolic system,
- a very rigid bicycle: no the suspension,
- small a plate and large a pinion,
- a shoe to protect the plate.
- equipment of series nonin conformity with the highway code.
These characteristics confer on these bicycles a very great handiness and a capacity of crossing out of the commun run.
Bicycles of trial today
The principal marks are the following ones:- Monty
- Koxx
- Atomz
- Ozonys
- Echo
- Zoo
- Gu
- Typhoon
- Adamant
- Onza
- BT
- JB
The championship of the World of trial bicycle
The discipline is dominated by French, Japanese, American, the Swiss ones and Spanish of which comas world champion 2006-2007.
to see too
Related article
- Trial in monocycle
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