Trets (in Occitan Of Provence: Tretz according to the traditional standard or Tres according to the Norme mistralienne) is a common French, located in the department of the Rhone delta and the area Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure.
Its inhabitants is called Tretsois.
History
The territory of Trets is occupied by the Man as of the Neolithic era. Several stations exist on natural monticules in the plain of the Arc. Towards 4000 av. J. - C. (datings according to the last archaeological discoveries at the Long station of Pierre) develops the cultural facies of the chasséen of Trets.During the protohistoire, several sites are occupied, like the Balsam of Eleven Hour in the Mont Olympe, or the oppidum of Olympe. If the populations of the age of iron most probably came into contact with the Greeks of Massalia starting from the Life front S.J. - C., there is no material proof of the foundation of a Greek colony at that time with Trets.
In 102 av. J. - C., 20 years after the arrival of the Romans in the area, the Marius general stops Cimbres and Teutons in the Plain of the Arc, between Aix-en-Provence and Pourrières. As of Ier front S.J. - C., Gaulle Narbonnese is romanisée and appears civilization known as Gallo-Roman. Several villae is established in the plain of the Arc. These establishments are supported by the proximity of the via aurelia , which connects Rome to Gaulle Narbonnese.
Late Antiquity and the Early middle ages leave only few traces. Some villae is re-occupied between IVe and VIe centuries. It is also necessary to mention the legend of the foundation of the hermitage of Saint-Jean-of-Puy at that time by Cassien, instead of an old pagan temple dedicated to Diane, goddess of hunting.
The town of Trets appears in the history with Xe century. In 950, the king of Burgundy-Provence Conrad says the Pacific (937-993) gives the tax department of Trets to the one of his close relations, Arlulfe, probably wire of the count de Vienne. This tax department extends on all the high Valley from the Arc, between the Holy Montagne Victoire and the Auréliens Mounts, Olympe and Regagnas. The descendants of Arlulfe become Viscounts of Marseilles. They then have an immense field including/understanding 21 communities between Holy-Victoire and Ciotat, without counting Marseilles, Toulon and their possessions of the east of Provence. Quickly, the Viscounts give many grounds to the monks Benedictines of the Saint-Victor abbey of Marseilles, which becomes one of the principal powers of the area, so much from the temporal point of view than spiritual.
Two agglomerations exist then on the territory of Trets. The first develops around the Castle of Arlulfe (or Castle-Arnoux, castrum arnulfo in Latin), also called castrum of Saint-Michel. This fortification perched on a hill with the foot of the Olympe is the seat of the capacity of the Viscounts with Trets. A vault, dedicated to Michel saint, is devoted there in 1051. Low, in the plain, and nearer of the cultivable grounds and the shopping streets, is the agglomeration of Trets with properly spoken, around the parish church Our-Lady-of-Nazareth, perhaps built with the site or not far from an ancient establishment or paléochrétien. The Saint-Victor abbey of Marseilles installs a convent in the west of this agglomeration about 1056, year when the church of the Trinity is devoted.
At the end of XIIe or the beginning of XIIIe century, a branch of the viscontal family obtains the stronghold of Trets amongst other things. It is at that time that the first buildings of the castle of Trets are built, which will be aggrandi several times. It is the military construction most important of the high Valley of the Arc to the Middle Ages. The castle still has machicolations and archères, and was crowned of a crenelated platform.
The inhabitants of Trets form a community quickly. This institution, ancestor of the current commune, is known at the beginning of XIIIe century, time when the lord Burgondion d' Agoult confirms certain rights and preferences with the inhabitants. The chiefs of the families of Trets meet at the time of the general meeting of the community, to name their representatives (syndics then consuls). It is at that time that is founded the vault Saint Martin's day de Vidols by the hospital monks of about Midsummer's Day of Jerusalem, on the road of Peynier, in the west of the city. A suburb appears viteautour of this vault very, and from the conflicts are born between the monks Benedictines from the convent from the Trinity and the Hospital ones from Saint Martin's day. But at the end of the the Middle Ages, the suburb declines and the Hospital ones forsake the vault.
In XIVe century, the frequency of the wars and conflicts push the inhabitants to provide the town of a rampart. It will be several times altered or rebuilds. On the eight lathes and the four doors which it included/understood, there remain only four turns and the gates of Midsummer's Day (also called Upstream or of Notre-Dame de Nazareth) and of Pourrières. The gate of Puyloubier and that of Clastre were demolished at the XIXe century. Fact exceptional, part of the ditch, broad several meters, is still visible since the Vauban boulevard.
In 1363, the pope Urbain V, former abbot of Saint-Victor, founds in Trets a studium (or college) pontifical intended to train lawyers for the pontifical institutions which are then in Avignon. The studium very quickly accommodates a hundred students. But two years later, following an cholera epidemic with Trets, it is transferred to Manosque.
Trets is then one of the most important cities of Provence. An important Jewish community also saw there, in the will carreira judicaia , which was equipped with a synagog. In this will carreira judicaia , current street Paul Bert, a large Romance house of XIIe or of XIIIe century is still quite visible, with three doors with gothic arches, and a bay of coupled windows on the first floor. If the popular tradition made of this building the synagog, it seems rather than it is the house of a notable rich person of Trets.
From the 16th century, Trets knows one period of decline. At the 15th century, the Castle of Arlulfe is definitively abandoned as well by the lords as by the inhabitants. Only a cell of hermitage remains there which continues to serve the Saint-Michel vault. In the same way, the suburb of Saint Martin's day also disappears. There strictly speaking remains nothing any more but the town of Trets. In 1536, the emperor Charles Quint invades Provence. François Ier, king de France, not having the means of stopping this invasion, gives the order of the retirement and request to the inhabitants to destroy harvests and to empty their attics to prevent the enemy from supplying itself. Trets refuses to obey this order. To make carry out the will of the king, the marshal of Bonneval makes point two pieces of artillery on the ramparts. The soldiers penetrate in the houses the ones after the others, destroy harvests, kill the cattle, empty the attics. When the Austrians arrive, they put fire at some houses. It is the bag of Trets, called " Bassacagi de Tres".
In 1590, during the Wars of religion, Trets is again besieged. The lord of Ampus, protesting, camps in front of the city. It is the lord of Carcès, catholic, who comes to deliver the city. The two armies fight battle to Peynier in the night of July 29th, 1590.
It is in the middle of the 16th century that the last descendants of the Viscounts of Marseilles sell the baronnie of Trets to Christophe de Foresta, doctor of the king. Until the beginning of the XVIIIe century, several coseigneurs share the seigneuriaux rights on Trets. These coseigneurs belong to the families of Foresta, Covet or Gaufridy.
At the 17th century, Trets is concerned its ruins. Cloth tanneries and manufactures develop and thrive there. Christophe Veyrier, sculptor raises Pierre Puget, makes open a marble career with Saint-Jean-of-Puy. He is the author of the Carrara marble retable of the parish church Our-Lady-of-Nazareth.
Market and fairs
- Gone every Wednesday “country” morning
- Gone Saturday morning from April at September
- Fair of spring mid-March (in general the second weekend of March)
- Fair with the secondhand trade in July
- Fair of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in August
Sites to be visited
- the feudal castle with ramparts and two square turn-doors.
- the church Our-Lady-of-Nazareth, style Romance of Provence, the church dating before the year 1000, is classified like historic building, last classification in 1945, which allowed the restoration of the bell-tower of 1952 to 1953.
- the vault of Midsummer's Day of Puy, an old hermitage located at 658 m of altitude.
- the medieval city, its porches, its lanes, with its old synagog, the hole of Mrs Lion, her passage to baffle…
Geography
Trets is located at the south of the Holy Montagne Victoire, with the foot of the Mont Olympe, in the valley of the Arc. It takes 25 minutes to go to Aix-en-Provence and 45 minutes to go to Marseilles.
Personalities related to the commune
Christophe Veyrier born on January 26th, 1637 in Trets, deceased in June 1689 (sculptor)
Jean Jacques Clérion born in 1639 in Trets deceased in Paris on August 28th, 1714 (sculptor of the king)
Jean Baptist Cadry (1680/1736) priest.
Monseigneur Chaillan (1858/1937) author of the book archaeological, historical Research on Trets and its valley edition of 1893.
Marius Jatteaux three times champions of France long-distance runner.
Urbain Dubois born on May 26th, 1818 with Trets, deceased on March 14th, 1901 in Nice, cook of king de Prusse.Il published the traditional kitchen, then school of the cookers in 1869.
Principal Chauvinistic Fernand, publication in 1958 of the Trets book and its area.
External bonds
- Official site of the City De Trets
- nonofficial Site on Trets
- Trets seen of plane
- Site of the SERHVA (Research and Survey firm of the High Valley of the Arc)
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