The trepanation is an surgical operation which consists in practicing a hole, thanks to an apparatus - of type Foret - called Trépan, in the cranial box or to remove a piece of cranial bone in order to reach the brain, in particular to relieve a Hypertension in the brain-pan.
History
Trepanation is the oldest form of Chirurgie of which there exist real evidence. The Fossil cranium examination watch that operations of this type were carried out as of the Neolithic , even the Mesolithic . In Ancient Greece, trepanation is described by Hippocrates.Formerly, one carried out trepanations on the patients reached of fractures of the skull, convulsions, epilepsy or mental disorders. Trepanation was seen as a means of making leave the malignant spirits which occupied a host. The pieces of cut out bones were used then as protective Amulette. In civilizations Egyptian and sumérienne, one went until taking discs of cranial bone on the corpses. In certain works Tibetans, trepanation is presented like a means of opening the third eye.
In certain disappeared civilizations, it seems that trepanation was associated with the cranial deformations practiced as of infancy on certain subjects in order to mark hierarchical differences, members or of clan of a group of individuals compared to others.
Use
Nowadays, trepanation is used to carry out the ablation of Tumeur S or in the case of méningée Hémorragie, because if the Sang is not evacuated, there can be a compression of the Cerveau which causes lesions being able to result in death.
Increase in the cerebral capacities
In-outside these therapeutic applications, trepanation is always used by some at spiritual ends: it would make it possible to increase the Métabolisme in the capillary S, which would lead to a higher level of Conscience. There is however no reason to believe that this operation can really cause such a change. This practice is illegal in Europe and in the United States because of the risk of formation of Thrombus (blood clots), of wounds and cerebral infections. Trepanation, badly practiced, can cause a Méningite and result in death.
See too
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