The peace treaty of Trianon is signed the June 4th 1920 with the Grand Trianon of Versailles by the belligerent powers of the First World War: the the United States, the England, the France, the Italy, the Romania, the Kingdom of Serb, Croatian and Slovenien the (which become the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929), the Czechoslovakia and the Austria-Hungary which lost the war and which is represented there by the Hungary. It makes following the treaties of Versailles (which treat the case of the Germany) and of Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer (which defines that of the Austria).
Talks
End 1919, the Hungary, as an overcome power, is invited to Paris for peace negotiations. Robert Vallery-Radot thus gives an account of the arrival of the delegation of the Hungarian government led by the count Albert Apponyi:- “One accepted them like prisoners. They were locked up with the Château of Madrid, under the guard of police officers with prohibition to leave there. Only, the count Apponyi, in consideration of his great age (74 years), was authorized to make a small round of walk, escorted of an inspector of Safety. ”.
The Hungarian delegation is confronted with the preliminary existence of the treated of Saint-Germain. This one already fixed the layout of the border with the Austria at the east and the Czechoslovakia in north. The Hungary requires without success a revision of this one but a survey practiced in the areas concerned convinces it to yield. This survey, carried out in particular in the town of Kassa (Kosice into Slovak), was carried out by American emissary " neutres" who proved to be American recently naturalized Czech who falsified the board of inquiry and declared that there was no Hungarian with Kassa.
The Allies want to apply the “right of the people to have themselves” with a largely multicultural Empire (he recognizes fourteen official languages) and already dissolved (Hungary separated from Austria on October 31st, 1918). That is not made without pains nor difficulties, since these people are imbricated or cohabit in a tight ethnic mosaic.
Clauses of the treaty and its consequences
Hungary loses two thirds of its territory, passing 325.000 km ² before the war to 93.000 km ² after the signature of the treaty. The country loses its access to the sea via the Croatia which is attached to the Royaume of Serb, Croatian and Slovenien.If, pre-war period, more half of the 21,5 million inhabitants of the kingdom of Hungary are not Hungarian (which are ten million), one of the consequences of the treaty of Trianon is that after war, a Hungarian on three lives apart from the borders of Hungary: 3,3 million Hungarian is found with a Nationalité Rumanian, Yugoslav or Czechoslovakian.
The Mittel Europa then sees a radical recasting of its borders:
- the Romania receives the Transylvania (102.000 km ²) which, if it is as a whole populated mainly Roumanians does not present less enclaves where the Hungarians and the Saxon ones (of the German colonists) are strongly majority.
- the Croatia, the Bosnia-Herzégovine and the Western part of Banat (the Voïvodine) (63 000 km ²) integrate the Royaume of Serb, Croatian and Slovenien the which federates Slavic south of the old empire.
- the Ruthénie and the Slovakia (63 000 km ²) join the Czechs of Bohemia and Moravie in the State lately created of the Czechoslovakia which federates Slavic north of the old empire.
- the Austria, although she did not ask anything, is seen allotting Burgenland mainly German-speaking (4 000 km ²).
Sopron returned to Hungary after a Référendum in 1921. This referendum was obtained by the armed action with Hungarian patriots opposed to the transfer of territory and population.
Certain Hungarians still nowadays regard this treaty as iniquitous a diktatum , causes of all their misfortunes at the 20th century. One can in particular quote among the protestors the HVIM (http://www.hvim.hu), Youth movement of the 64 Counties (Hatvannégy Vármegye Ifjúsági Mozgalom) founded by Toroczkai László, noticed in France by a demonstration of more than 400 people in the streets of Versailles on June 4th, 2006, with the support of a French section of the movement (http://www.hvim.fr).
See too
Internal bonds
- Chronology of Hungary
- Kingdom of Hungary
- Treated of Saint-Germain
- Central Europe
External bonds
- Of the charts animated on the territorial recutting of Europe at the end of the First World War
- Site in several languages on the Treaty of Trianon: French, Hungarian, English, German, Slovak, Serb
- Testo LED trattato
- Mappa dei confini ungheresi nel November/dicembre 1918
- " It Trattato del Trianon E lo scorporamento dell' Ungheria"
- " It Trattato del Trianon E sweats it tragiche conseguenze"
- http://hem.passagen.se/mihi1/tor1.htm
References
| Random links: | Wisdom | Marcetelli | Rosa will corymbifera | County of Barron | Aldo Finzi |