The expression “ travelling entertainers ” was put in circulation by two French decrees of the years 1972, which referred to the law of 1969 on the exercise of the travelling economic activities.
Indeed, in practice administrative and in the media language, this name is often used to indicate the Rroms France (including Sinté/Manouches and Kalé/Gipsies), although they are itinerant only for approximately 15% of them, and that among the itinerant population in France they are only one minority. It is in a concern ethniquement of not indicating an identity present on the French soil that the official language uses this expression. " should not be confused; people of the voyage" with the Irish Travellers in English, which is often made during translations from one language to another. The latter, which are not either wandering, except a small minority, are of Irish origin and speak a Celtic language, whereas Rroms in the broad sense of the term, including thus the Gipsies and Manouches, are of Indian origin and speak a language also of Indian origin.
Considerations according to the countries
Travelling entertainers in France
Since the Moyen-âge of very many families originating in various areas of France economic activities related to mobility developed: hawkers, mercenaries and seasonal workers…
The refugees of Small Egypt, arrived in France at the beginning 15th century, also adopted, by economic need, this type of life. Initially as companies of war to the service of the large feudal lords, then, following prohibition by Louis XIV of the private war and with the Declaration of Roy against Bohemian the in 1682, constrained to hide and circulate, they found a reconversion in the seasonal services and the itinerant trader.
At the end of the War of 1870, many Yéniches of Alsace chose France and also came to join the mass families living a life structured around the itinérance.
They are all these families which one gathers today in France under name “Travelling entertainers”. They are between 400.000 and 500.000, considerable number compared to the few 5.000 itinerant Yéniches in Suisse or with the 15.000 Travellers Irish or “Pavee” as they name themselves.
See also the article: Migration of Rroms of India in Europe
The French law
Until 2000, the Loi Besson of May 31st, 1990 obliged the cities of more than 5 000 inhabitants to envisage sites of stay for the nomads.
The law n°2000-614 of July 5th, 2000 defines now the rules.
In March 2003, the Loi on the internal security restricted the laws of nations of the voyage concerning the occupation of grounds.
Sédentarisation
The concept of sedentarisation when it is applied to the Travelling entertainers can let think that a family not travelling more becomes sedentary de facto. Out it of it is nothing, if it is not that tends to let believe that it fits finally in the " norme". But in the facts, the travelling entertainers described as " sédentarisés" continue to have strong anchorings in the world of the voyage. It is frequent that families having left the voyage during some time take it again, or that their married children, adults and, take again in their turn mobility. It is about one of the reasons bringing to prudence when it is necessary to qualify the lifestyle of the travelling entertainers.
See too
Current events
- : Current events on the travelling entertainers
Related articles
| Random links: | Aristote Onássis | Golf of Saint-Name-the-Bretèche | Guy de Lavaur | Giave | Alex van Warmerdam |