The development of the transport in Île-de-France is with the measurement of the size of the Paris and its suburbs and its economic weight. During four centuries, transport in France developed while radiating around the capital, Paris. Today, all the means of transport are represented, except the maritime transport (there exist however some river ports in Parisian outskirts of the city). In spite of its position a little in margin of the “blue Banana” European, the Ile-de-France and in particular the Paris and its suburbs has assets which contribute to make an essential pole of European transport of it: economic weight of area, position on axes of circulation important between north and south of Union, quality of network existing (in particular of the network TGV which from now on connects it to five European countries), weight of Paris as a tourist center , first world city for the congresses …
Infrastructures
Highway network
The highway network comprises approximately 800 km of highways in Ile-de-France. One distinguishes ten radial: the principal ones being the Highway of the Sun (Dijon, Lyon, Marseilles), of North (Lille), of Normandy (Rouen, Caen, Le Havre), of the East (Rheims, Nancy, Strasbourg), and the Aquitanian (Nantes, Bordeaux, Rennes) as well as concentric highways: the peripheral surrounds historical Paris, the has 86, it outskirts of the city and the Francilienne in the course of looping is located at ten km outside.
Railway network
Paris has 6 large stations of railroad terminus ensuring at the same time a traffic broad outlines and suburbs. Each station serves at the same time a portion of the suburbs and is starting point of broad outlines towards the other areas of France and the foreigner. The rail network of the Paris and its suburbs comprises approximately 500 stations and 1500 km of lines practically entirely electrified in 25kv alternate or 1500 V continuous.
Urban displacements
In working day, one counts approximately 23 displacements million mechanized in Ile-de-France. More half of these displacements are carried out by private vehicles (the park is higher than 4 million cars) or of the commercial vehicles. The balance is ensured by public transport.
Bicycle
August 1st
Public transport
See also: Public transport in Ile-de-France
The public transport of the Paris and its suburbs offer several means of distinct transports. The town of Paris and its outskirts of the city are accessible by the subway, a railway system where the stations are very close. Beyond the limits of the city, the Ile-de-France east covered by the RER and the Transilien S, creating a wide railway network. The offer is supplemented locally by an extensive network of lines of drunk and some trams.
Public transport of Ile-de-France is exploited by several companies according to the lines and the means of transports:
- the the RATP, state enterprise, exploits means of transports covering Paris and its outskirts of the city (subway, drunk and the RER has and B in Paris).
- the National company of the railroads French (the SNCF), the state enterprise national ferrovière, uses the suburban trains as well as the RER C, D and E entirely and has and B apart from Paris.
- association Optile gathers nearly a hundred private companies exploiting of the lines of bus regular, primarily on average and outer suburbs.
These owners are coordinated by the STIF, which also ensures the financing of public transport of Ile-de-France.
Rail traffic broad outlines
The traffic broad outlines (approximately 50 million passengers in 2004 all confused stations) developed considerably with the TGV which leave the Gare de Lyon, of the Gare Montparnasse, the station of North and since 2007 of the Gare of the East. The Gare Saint-Lazare is the first station for the number of trains in departure (suburbs and broad outlines) whereas the station of North is the first for the traffic.
Air transport
Paris has 3 airports which accommodated in 2005 more than 78 million passengers and 1,86 million tons of freight. Paris it Le Bourget, historically the first airport, too near to the downtown area is reserved today for the aviation of businesses. Orly created after the last war is dedicated to the internal traffic saved by TGV and to the service road of Europe of the South and North Africa (25 million passengers). The airport the Paris-Charles de Gaulle (54 momentary million), most recent (1974), receives today the essence of the international traffic and freight.
The airport of Beauvais-Stripped (2 million passengers in 2005) which is moved away much more, is used by the companies at low cost serving Paris.
Goods transport
Road transport
Rail-bound transport
River transport
Paris is the first river port of France with a traffic of 21 million tons in 2005. The installations of the port are spread out along the Seine: the most important terminals are located at Gennevilliers and Bonneuil-sur-Marne. The activity is managed by the Port authority of Paris. The traffic is mainly made up by the construction materials (sand, gravel, cuts) (15,8 MT), followed agricultural produce (1,7 MT), fuels (0,9 MT) and the containers (0,8 MT).
Other means of transport
See too
Internal bonds
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