Transparence has several significance according to the context.

Transparency with the clean direction

A material or an object is described as transparency when it is let cross by the Lumière. This concept depends on the Wavelength on the light: thus, glass is transparent in the visible one (one sees through), but it blocks the ultraviolet rays (what explains in particular why one cannot bronze behind a pane). More precisely, no material is completely transparent: it absorbs more or less according to the wavelength. See also Absorptance on this subject. The lower the absorptance of a material is with a given wavelength, the more it is transparent for this wavelength.

The concept of transparency finds many applications physical. For example, the Silice is particularly little absorbing around 1,55 µm (attenuation of 0,2 dB/km for good a Fiberoptic), consequently one uses this wavelength for the telecommunications transmitted by fiberoptic. One must be also worried some when one is interested in the medical imagery, indeed, one must manage the differences in transparency of the various bodies. The biological environments being generally very aqueous, one tries to use sources of light in the window of transparency of water.

In certain contexts, the transparency is the fact, for an human being in particular, to see clearly what is “on the other side” of material or object. For example: “the transparency of the Mica makes it possible to see the fusion of glass in the furnace”.

Transparency with the illustrated direction

The term of transparency - by Analogy or Metaphor - is employed to qualify either a social Pratique or to qualify a Objet of research in different disciplines dealing with the human businesses, the Pragmata.

In addition, many researchers observe that the concept of the “whole show-all to see” is observable in very disjoined spaces (of the Expert system with the TV-reality). Moreover, one can make transparency of all but not with everyone. And finally, the transparency can be affixed with the " setting flat " before directing the projectors.

Transparency of the expert

Work in the field of the Artificial intelligence comprises as pre-necessary a transparency of the human thought whose certain elements can be the subject of a modeling.
To carry out for example an expert system requires to have had access to the cognitive strategies and of Décision of the modelled Expert.

Transparency of the knowledge

The movement known as of the “Knowledge management” has like prerequisite the possibility of reaching the manners of learning and of managing the knowledge of the actors of the company or the Institution.

Financial transparency

The financial transparency is revealing management of a company or a market. A bad transparency can hide reserves to communicate the bad results of a company (Enron), or can hide illicit practices. The organized Marchés traditionally make proof of more than transparency than the markets Private.

Transparency of urban spaces

Considerations of Prevention and sanction of the punishable acts in urban space brings the installation of systems of Vidéo-transmission and Video-recording.

Transparency of the public lives

Actors of the political life, the spectacle, the sport, etc see their life present and last put under the fire of the cameras.

Transparency in management and the decision

One more and more often asks the political decision makers and of the companies the transparency on the decisions which they make, on their motivatoin and their management, not only on financial questions or of fight against the Corruption.
In the event of problems of Safety, being able to have an impact on the human health, employment, the environment, the residents, etc one requires of the companies to give an account of the consequences of their activities. The models in which the decisions are made by consulting some experts with little dialog, moreover in are criticized. This is why the concept of Responsabilité sociétale has emerged for a few years. The transparency is not exactly synonymous with Communication, and even less Concertation. It targets Recipients according to their interests, in order to show that the decision makers act in a responsible way, socially, economically and environnementalement. Sedentary or economic reasons are proposed to justify the control of the calls incoming and outgoing of the company. To allow a good transparency, it is necessary that the system of decision shows characteristics of Imputabilité.
Ainsi, Glasnost, the movement launched by Mr. Gorbatchef, who led at the end of the iron curtain, mean “transparency” in Russian.

Transparency during the leisures

For example, at the entry of a room of physical-activities one will find a screen showing the activities in the rooms of work. Elsewhere, a “event” sporting amateur will be reported in the local mediums.

Transparency at the school

From reasons of safety and Disease prevention, the medical files, psychological, socio-economic of the pupils will know a more or less broad diffusion according to the establishment, areas or country.

Police and legal transparency

Dedicated services or generals record data on citizens likely to disturb the Law and order.

Transparency put in scene

TV-reality and others practical similar lead people to expose sides more where less important of their life via a Média.
Researchers observe that for several reasons the transparency is not real. Side of the mediatization, it there put in scene of oneself and put in scene by the media. Side of reality it is precisely because in reality something is impossible - for example to acknowledge with its leaning entourage sexual without reprisals - that will be played in media “not-reality”.

Technology and transparency

Some estimate that the increase in the intentions and the practices of transparency is “proportional” to the availability of equipment to collect, record and/or disseminate information.

Studies of the Micro-economics and the Macroeconomics and the Finance S, studies of legal and tax, literature, studies of the NTIC, Philosophy, Political sciences, studies of the monk. Knowledge management, management of the knowledge.

Radical transparency

radical Transparency, management tools

Music

The group Transparency introduced like “the New musical Feeling” electro Frenchwoman of the year 2007. After the success of “French Touch” in particular carried by the Justice group, the group Transparence following the example Kamini created a buzz several hundreds of thousands of visits in hardly 2 months on the site of community myspace.
Entre Air and Daft Punk the group quickly located by the duet underground of Sex In Dallas was initially made known by remixant the title Forever Young same Sex In Dallas on the famous Versaillais label of the group Air “Makers Record”. But it is thanks to the original title of the group entitled Runnin that the group seems to settle durably in the small world of the electro groups “to the Frenchwoman” enjoying a broad recognition.

See too

• Loi on the transparency and ethics as regards lobbyism

• Transparence means the fact initially that body is nonopaque with the light.
• Transparency (data-processing)
• referential Transparency, a concept of linguistics
• tax Transparency, a concept of management
• Transparency of the administrative documents, an administrative concept

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