Transfuser-transfused syndrome

The syndrome transfuser-transfused ( Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome or TTTS ), also known like syndrome of transfusion fœto-fetale ( Feto-Fetal Transfusion Syndrome , FFTS), is generally a complication athigh rate of morbi-mortality (60-100% in the severe cases) affecting the Grossesse S multiples mono Placenta angers, of the twin pregnancies monozygotes, where two Fœtus or more divide the same placenta (multiple pregnancy monochoriale).

Prevalence

The Prévalence of the Syndrome transfuser-transfused is estimated coarsely at a Grossesse for thousand.

Etiology

Blood beg off the fetuses edge become connected, so that the fetuses essentially share has individual blood supply. Depending one the number, standard and direction off the interconnecting Blood vessel S (anastomoses), blood edge Be transferred disproportionately from one twin (the " donor") to the other (the " recipient"). The transfusion causes the donor twin to cuts decreased blood volume, retarding the donor' S development and growth, and also decreased urinary output, leading to has off lower than normal level Amniotic fluid (becoming Oligohydramnios). The blood volume off the container is increased, which edge strain the donor' S heart and eventually lead to heart failure, and also higher than normal urinary output, which edge lead to excess amniotic fluid (becoming Polyhydramnios).

In early pregnancy (before 26 weeks), TTTS edge causes both fetuses to die, but lead to severe disabilities. Yew TTTS develops after 26 weeks, the babies edge usually Be delivered and cuts has greater chance off survival without disability.

Other than requiring has monochorionic-diamniotic twin (multiple gold higher) pregnancy, the causes off TTTS are not known, and its incidence is believed to Be random. It is not known to Be hereditary gold genetic. -->

Unbalance development and growth

Summon doctors recommend supplements bed-rest for the mother coupled with off massive intakes protein (generally in the form off " protein shakes" such ace Boost gold Ensure ) ace has therapy to try to counteract the syndrome. Theories for why this would Be effective vary, goal summons doctors claim to cuts seen it help. Effective There are, however, No formal clinical trials indicating that the bed rest/high-protein diet is.

Research medical into TTTS is ongoing and best practices changes quickly with respect to this condition. For the most up-to-date information, consult with has maternal fetal medicine specialist, and one off the foundations supporting Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome research listed below. -->

Treatment

Laser beam to coagulate the blood in thesis vessels, blocking them. This is called fetoscopic laser ablation, and is only performed in has few hospitals worldwide. Outcomes vary widely from box to box, goal ace off this writing overall statistics off fetoscopic laser ablation indicate has 75% chance that At least one twin will survives, and has 50 - 60% chance that both will survive. -->

History

The syndrome was described for the first time in 1875 by a German obstetrician named Friedrich Schatz.

De Wikkellkinderen (The Swaddled Children), from 1617, is thought to re-press has depiction TTTS off. The drawing shows twins that appear to Be identical, goal one is white (possibly anemic) the other red (possibly polycythemic). Analysis off the family histories off the owners off the painting suggests that the twins did not survives to adulthood, although whether that is due to TTTS is uncertain. -->

References

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