Traditional standard of the occitan

The traditional standard is a linguistic Norme (a Codification) which fixes the language Occitan E. This standard is based on the thousand-year-old tradition of the traditional C-W communication, by adding a process of coding to him. It is in competition with other standards of the occitan: the Standard mistralienne, the Standard bonnaudienne and the Standard of the School of Po.

Composition

The traditional standard is composed of two parties :

the orthographical standard or Orthography , which fixes the manner of writing the sounds.
the oral standard , which defines the manner recommended to speak in occitan.

Development

If the traditional C-W communication were born little before the An thousand with the first documents written in occitan, the traditional standard developed in three stages starting from 1935 :

It appeared in 1935 with the publication of the Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians of Louis Alibert.
It developed then, starting from 1945, with the Institut of studies occitanes (IEO).
It is managed by the Conseil of the language occitane (CLO) since 1996.

The traditional standard was spread more and more since second half of the XXe century while making move back the Norme mistralienne. Today the traditional standard is largely used in Occitanie, but it however runs up against some concurrence :

in Of Provence and Niçard: compete with between the traditional standard and the Norme mistralienne .
in the Valleys Occitanes: compete with between the traditional standard and the Norme of the School of Po .
in Auvergnat: compete with between the traditional standard and the Norme bonnaudienne .

Standardization: the broad occitan

The various concurrent C-Ws communication of the occitan (traditional, mistralienne, bonnaudienne, of the School of Po) were conceived initially by noting the to speak S or the Dialecte S, without fixing a standard variety of the occitan. However the standard mistralienne involved since the end of the XIXe century the appearance of three Koinè S regional arts persons: one in Of Provence general, one in Gascon Niçard and one in Inhabitant of Béarn. One can say moreover that the koinè of Provence mistralienne precedes a standard language.

The traditional standard, starting from the XXe century, continued the development from these three koinès but also supported additional regional koinès in the Limousin and Languedocien. Since the officialization of the occitan in the Valley of Aran in 1990, the traditional standard also supports a codified variety of Gascon Aranais.

In addition to these experiments of koinès, side of the traditional standard, the will conscious of fixing a standard variety in occitan appeared in the Années 1970 with research of the linguists Pierre Bec, Robert Lafont, Roger Teulat, Jacme Taupiac, followed in the Années 1980 by Patrick Sauzet. The standard variety is called according to the authors occitan reference frame , occitan standard or more recently occitan broad ( occitan larg , P. Sauzet). According to the consensus of the majority of the specialists who work on this project, the broad occitan compose :

of a general variety which is based on the Languedocien dialect, considered as intermediate dialect, without any concept of superiority,
of regional adaptations of the standard, take into account certain milked dialectal typical, while preserving a great convergence and a unit design. It is a manner of federating in the broad occitan different the koinès regional which developed during and of the 20th centuries.

Comparison

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